.4bstract— [n this paper we present a comparative stndy of a few simple but representative usage-based pricing strategies. For the current best-effort Internet, we introduce a QoS sensitive pricing mechanism which takes into account the fact that the quality of received audio degrades as the number of hops traversed by the msdio packets increases. We compare the QoS sensitive pricing with flat ...

this paper studies the dynamic behavior of price elasticity and its effects on the overall profit. although price elasticity has a significant effect on sales, its dynamics have not been examined so far in pricing models. in this paper, a simple pricing model is suggested in which, price elasticity is considered dynamic. the suggested pricing model is concerned with a monopolist that its object...

We demonstrate how pricing functionals give rise to pricing measures, using a time-independent framework. For infinite market state spaces, the Gel’fand spectral theory is used to obtain the pricing measure. Pricing functionals with additional market information are shown, within this model, to be given by conditional expectations.

The paper discusses port pricing structures that enhance ship efficiency. Traditionally, ports use public infrastructure pricing, which does not take differences in waiting cost into considerations. We present two alternatives, a two part priority pricing scheme and port slot auctions, as alternative scheduling and pricing schemes that enhance ship efficiency.

The case study conducted in this paper looks at residential water pricing from three different points of view. It first describes existing urban water-pricing practices in Southern France, emphasizing that pricing is not yet being used as a tool for providing economic incentives to save water. It then looks at the observed impact of pricing on water consumption, through an econometric analysis ...

We examine the pricing of catastrophe risk bonds. Catastrophe risk cannot be hedged by traditional securities and thus the pricing of catastrophe risk bonds must be examined in an incomplete markets setting and therefore entails special difficulties in the pricing methodology. We present techniques for pricing these bonds and discuss this theory in the context of equilibrium pricing and its rel...

This paper studies pricing decisions and service decisions of a product in a dual-channel (i.e., the traditional retail channel and direct online channel) supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. We consider two types of channel pricing decisions (i.e., consistent pricing and inconsistent pricing) in the scenario which the manufacturer holds more bargaining power than the r...

The report evaluates transmission pricing methods under liberalized market conditions. Several concepts are being discussed, whereas three main categories can be distinguished: rolled-in transmission pricing, incremental transmission pricing and embedded/incremental transmission pricing. In order to clarify the general framework in which electricity trading and therefore transmission takes plac...

In this paper, we investigate and model interactions and incentives between competing ISPs employing different pricing strategies (dynamic congestion-based pricing vs. volume pricing). We focus here on a scenario where all users are considered to be multihomed. Keywordsmultihoming; pricing; congestion marks; future Internet

We describe the basic economic theory of pricing a congestible resource such as an ftp server, a router, a Web site, etc. In particular, we examine the implications of “congestion pricing” as a way to encourage efficient use of network resources. We explore the implications of flat pricing and congestion pricing for capacity expansion in centrally planned, competitive, and monopolistic environm...