A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to develop techniques for imaging the voltage dynamics of genetically defined subsets of neurons. Optical sensors of transmembrane voltage would enhance studies of neural activity in contexts ranging from individual neurons cultured in vitro to neuronal populations in awake-behaving animals. Recent progress has identified Archaerhodopsin (Arch) based...

Methods The conventional 2D method is based on a single view of the aorta which is combined with phase contrast acquisitions to define the starting and stopping points of the arch, where velocities are measured. For the 3D measurement, SSFP axial and sagittal slices including the aortic arch are considered. Two operators measured the 3D length of the arch by delimiting markers on the different ...

Rapid palatal expansion was used to correct constricted maxillas on 29 subjects, 10 o[ whom had cle~t palates. Arch width, measured transversely at the primary canine and at the primary second molar, increased in all cases with a mean value o[ 4.0 mm. Arch perimeter (arch length) also increased approximately 4.0 mm. Correlations between change in transverse palatal dimension versus change in ar...

T ransverse arch hypoplasia is an integral, albeit anatomically independent, part of neonatal coarctation of the aorta. Extended end to end anastomosis has been advocated to overcome arch hypoplasia. Numerous studies demonstrated the growth potential of the aortic arch following repair with confined extensity. Limited information, however, is available on how rapidly the hypoplastic aortic arch...

Branchial arches are externally visible tissue bands in the head region of all vertebrate embryos. Although initially formed from similar components, each arch will give rise to different head and neck structures. In a screen designed to characterize the molecular control of branchial arch identity in mouse, we identified Pcp4 as a second branchial arch-specific molecular signature. We further ...

Fingerprint classification provides an important indexing mechanism in a fingerprint database. Accurate and consistent classification can greatly reduce fingerprint-matching time and computational complexity for a large database as the input fingerprint needs to be matched only with a subset of the fingerprint database. Classification into six major categories (whorl, right loop, left loop, twi...

OBJECTIVE During extracorporeal circulation design and orientation of aortic cannulae tips mainly determine flow pattern in the aortic arch and arch vessels which is the objective of this in vitro study, comparing single versus multiple stream cannulae. METHODS In an aortic arch glass model, jet streams of 21-24 French aortic cannulae which were inserted in the ascending aorta were directed a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate early maxillary arch changes in infants with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), using a simple measurement technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD A measurement model technique simplified from previously reported methods was used to analyze early maxillary changes of four non-syndromic complete BCLP. Study models of these cases were evaluated before presurgical ortho...

BACKGROUND Cerebral protection and circulatory management remains a controversial issue in aortic arch surgery. The present study reported surgical outcomes of arch repair using moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) and unilateral selective antegrade perfusion (uSACP). METHODS From January 2004 and December 2012, 500 patients underwent hemiarch repair (HARCH) and 124 underwent total ...