Nephrocalcinosis is a chronic disorder which may be resulted in decrease in growth rate and finally mortality in severe condition. Nephrocalcinosis is defined as the presence of calcification in the kidney. A total number of 80 ornamental fishes of different species included of discus fish (Symphysodon discus), angelfish (Pterohyllum sp.), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and oscar fish (Astronotus...

Carrageenin is the water soluble polysaccharide extractable from the red algae Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata. The polysaccharide is essentially a polymer of alpha-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulphate. Smith et al. (1954) fractionated carrageenin with potassium chloride into two components and obtained a precipitable component which could form gels and a nongelling component which remained i...

At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral a la Salud, León (SILAIS-León), Leon, Nicaragua; Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello (HEODRA), León, Nicaragua, Leon, Nicaragua; Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill...

JOHN D. MCVAY*, OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA and BRYAN CARSTENS Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA Facultad de Ciencias, Museo de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Extrior de CU, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, ...

Water accumulating in the axils of bromeliads provides habitat for numerous invertebrates, frequently among them, immature mosquitoes. To evaluate mosquito richness in bromeliads and the relationship between mosquito presence and biotic and abiotic variables, we performed a study in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mosquitoes of genus Culex were the most abundant and var...

The food and feeding of Flemish Cap cod are described for 5 years based on 3921 stomachs collected in the fishing grounds off the Flemish Cap, Newfoundland in summer 1989–1993. Feeding intensity was high but the prey spectrum was narrow in all years with hyperiids and redfish (Sebastes sp.) predominating. Squid and polychaetes had a high inter-annual variability. Juvenile cod diet was dominated...

Early-life exposure to mild stressors can assist animals in coping with more stressful events later life. This study was aimed at investigating how early stress and dietary lipid contents affect growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immunological responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, responses of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) ( ...