We have previously shown that infection of CD4(+) T lymphocytes with the T-lymphotropic human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) downregulates surface CD4, which represents the high-affinity receptor for HHV-7. In this study, we report that HHV-7 infection also causes a progressive loss of the surface CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in CD4(+) T cells, accompanied by a reduced intracellular Ca2+ flux and ch...

Activation of CXC-motif-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling by the chemokine CXCL12 (also known as SDF-1α) plays a key role in many physiological processes including organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and immune responses. Consequently, CXCR4 or CXCL12 knockouts in mice are embryonic lethal because of impaired hematopoiesis, defects in organ development, and vascularization. Deregulation of CXCR4...

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates cell migration during ontogenesis and disease states including cancer and inflammation. Upon stimulation by the endogenous ligand CXCL12, CXCR4 becomes phosphorylated at multiple sites in its C-terminal domain. Mutations in the CXCR4 gene affecting C-terminal phosphorylation sites are a hallmark of WHIM syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by a gain-...

BACKGROUND The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into host cells involves the interaction of the viral exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, and receptors on the target cell. The HIV-1 receptors are CD4 and one of two chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We created proteoliposomes that contain CD4, the primary HIV-1 receptor, and one of the corecepto...

Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) belongs to the large superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. The EST sequence of CXCR4 from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) was obtained from a subtractive cDNA library. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequence of turbot CXCR4 was obtained, and sequence analysis indicated that its primary structure was highly similar to CXCR4 from other vertebrates. ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and macular pucker (MP) vitreoretinal membranes are caused by abnormal cell migration. By their role in chemotactism, chemokine receptors represent good candidates to sustain this process. The authors thus investigated the expression of one of them, CXCR4, in these pathologies. METHODS Three PVR and four MP membranes were surgically removed...

CXCR4 is a crucial chemokine receptor that plays key roles in primordial germ cell (PGC) homing. To further characterize the CXCR4-mediated migration of PGCs, we screened CXCR4-interacting proteins using yeast two-hybrid screening. We identified reticulon3 (RTN3), a member of the reticulon family, and considered an apoptotic signal transducer, as able to interact directly with CXCR4. Furthermor...

The CXC ligand (CXCL)12/CXC receptor (CXCR)4 chemokine-receptor axis controls hematopoiesis, organ development, and angiogenesis, but its role in the inflammatory pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is unknown. Here we show that interference with Cxcl12/Cxcr4 by a small-molecule antagonist, genetic Cxcr4 deficiency, or lentiviral transduction with Cxcr4 degrakine in bone marrow chimeras aggravated ...

OBJECTIVE The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 have been suggested to play important roles in the initiation or progression of cancers. The goal of the present study was to investigate alterations of CXCL12/CXCR4 in oral premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS In 13 normal oral epithelia, 24 dysplastic oral leukoplakia (OLK), and 40 OSCC specimens, ...

Bone marrow derived cells engraft to the uterine endometrium and contribute to endometriosis. The mechanism by which these cells are mobilized and directed to the endometrium has not been previously characterized. We demonstrate that human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) produce the chemokine CXCL12 and that bone marrow cells (BMCs) express the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Treatment with physiolog...