The primary degradation of a linear alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and a branched nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) was investigated in bench-scale activated sludge units treating a synthetic sewage feed. Biotreaters were gradually adapted to 10-100 mg/J surfactant and effluents monitored for loss of nonionic ethoxylate, foaming, feed BOD removal, nitrification and biosolids growth. Both surfactants were d...

Industrial wastewater treatment comprises several processes to fulfill the discharge permits or to enable the reuse of wastewater. For tannery wastewater, constructed wetlands (CWs) may be an interesting treatment option. Two-stage series of horizontal subsurface flow CWs with Phragmites australis (UP series) and Typha latifolia (UT series) provided high removal of organics from tannery wastewa...

BACKGROUND Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have become the standard metric for estimating burden of disease (BoD), but have not yet been applied to delayed access to surgical procedures. This study estimates the DALYs accrued from delayed access to surgical care in two pediatric surgical units in Kenya and Canada. METHODS Records of operations for 13 congenital health states in a Kenya...

Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater offers the prospect of a new paradigm by reducing aeration costs and minimizing sludge production. It has been successfully applied in warm climates, but does not always achieve the desired outcomes in temperate climates at the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values of municipal crude wastewater. Recently the concept of 'fortification' has been propos...

BACKGROUND Burden of disease (BoD) studies have been conducted in numerous international settings since the early 1990's. Two national BoD studies have been undertaken in Australia, in 1998 and 2003, although neither study estimated the BoD specifically for Indigenous Australians. In 2005 the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ...

Biological treatment using attached growth in a threestage labscale rotating biological contactor (RBC) was implemented for wastewater from dairy industries. The wastewater contained high level of organic compounds due to cleaning and filling processes. Nutrients available in the wastewater enhanced the growth of microorganisms and allowed the biological treatment to be effective. The RBC consi...

Date in this paper highlights the applications of constructed horizontal surface flow (HF-CW) wetland with two different local plants (Louis latifoila and Phragmites -australis (Cav.) Trin) at the wastewater treatment plant in Babol city. This system was designed as an advanced treatment unit in field scale after the treatment plant. Parameters such as Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspend...