The impact of group-based credit programs on the nutritional status of children by gender in rural Bangladesh is evaluated. Lacking exclusion restrictions of the usual sort, the effect of credit program participation by gender of participant is identified by imposing a factor structure on the regression errors. Women’s credit is found to have a large and statistically significant impact on two ...

This article reviews ‘Pillars of Prosperity’ by Timothy Besley and Torsten Persson and ‘Why Nations Fail’ by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson. Both books are focussed on the role of institutions in determining the wealth of nations and the review compares and contrasts the different approaches contained in the two texts. The review also attempts to locate the texts within the broader literatur...

This paper investigates the contemporary sharing of household resources between parents and co-resident children, motivated by the increasing popularity of cash transfers targeted at children, and limited evidence of their efficacy. It argues that this provides information on parental altruism which, though commonly assumed, has been challenged in recent research. The main finding is that the w...

This paper contributes to the assessment of China’s rural labor markets, while paying attention to whether these markets are developing in a manner conducive to the nation’s modernization. According to our household survey, we find that the rapid increase in off-farm employment has continued and accelerated during the late 1990s. Our analysis shows that migration has become the most prevalent o...

This paper surveys the status of food security in the South Asian countries, particularly India. Particular attention has been paid to small landholders (those households owning less than 2 hectares of land). Using NSS data from 1993–94 and 2004–05 the paper shows that small landholders are an increasing proportion of i) total rural households, ii) rural households who are poor, and iii) rural ...

Using a millennium of data for 12 countries in the East and in the West this paper tests the extent to which the three most influential hypotheses on growth and development can shed light on why some economies developed earlier than others and which factors were fundamental for the Great Divergence. These hypotheses are the contracting institutions, property right institutions, and culture. It ...

The consensus of the aid effectiveness literature is that foreign aid is effective at spurring economic growth in recipient countries. However, economic growth is heterogeneous in nature, driven by a number of different activities within an economy. This paper contributes to the literature by disaggregating the Gross Domestic Product of recipients in order to investigate the type of economic gr...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the length and timing of nighttime naps on performance and physiological functions, an experimental study was carried out under simulated night shift schedules. METHODS Six students were recruited for this study that was composed of 5 experiments. Each experiment involved 3 consecutive days with one night shift (22:00-8:00) followed by daytime sleep and nig...

<p>The government of Kenya’s broad target for enhancing manufacturing is to increase the share gross domestic product from 8.4% 15% create more jobs but remains a mirage owing poor performance sector over years where instance, declined 3.5% in 2019 compared 4.4% 2018. Studies globally, regionally and locally have been conducted establish how macroeconomic variables affect profitability co...

Three monoclonal antibodies MT1, L60 (Leu-22), and DF-T1, were reported independently as recognising human T cells in routinely processed, paraffin wax embedded tissue. The present study was performed to compare these three reagents in terms of their immunocytochemical reactions and target molecule(s). On Western blotting of white cell extracts the three antibodies reacted with antigens of the ...