In this research, the effect of friction between the liquid metal and the sand mould wall and the effect of passage of liquid through a vertical bend and through a ceramic filter on the fluid flow and the melt velocity has been studied by measuring the velocity of the melt and direct observation of the liquid flow through the different parts of a naturally-pressurized running system. The fricti...

Filtration is essential in drip irrigation systems to remove physical contaminants carried by water that can clog the emitters, cause wear, or foul components of system, affecting its performance and lifespan. Automatic flushing strainer-type filters initiate terminate discrete cycles are activated automatically means differential pressure. The objective this study investigate hydraulic flow be...

• For the first time, a biomass approach was used to investigate backwashed SSF. Biomass accumulated differently in scraped and slow sand filters. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated variation of bacterial community between better preserved different trophic levels after backwash. The filtrate good quality BFS ScSF despite their differences. assessed as new for evaluating filters (BSF). Slow filtrati...

background: the aim of this study was to assess leishmania infection in sand fly species from areas where leishmaniasis is endemic. this is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of the disease. methods: in this cross-sectional study we used a pcr-based method for detection of leishmania minicircle dna within individual sand flies from orzoieh, a new endemic leishmaniasis focus in s...

The crack self-healing behavior of high-performance steel-fiber reinforced cement composites (HPSFRCs) was investigated. High-strength deformed steel fibers were employed in a high strength mortar with very fine silica sand to decreasing the crack width by generating higher interfacial bond strength. The width of micro-cracks, strongly affected by the type of fiber and sand, clearly produced th...

In this study, the simulation results of four vertical flow wetland systems using the HYDRUS Wetland Module are presented. The four wetland systems comprise three single-stage pilot scale systems and one full-scale two-stage system. The main difference between these systems is the filter media used, referred to as fine media, i.e., sand with a grain size distribution 0.063–4 mm, or coarse media...