Multigene families encoding class XI myosins are conserved in higher plants, however, little information is available on specific functions of these ubiquitous molecular motors. We isolated gene knockout mutants for all 13 class XI myosins present in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome. Inactivation of 11 myosin genes resulted in no discernible phenotypes under the normal growth condition...

It is proved that if a Köthe sequence space X is monotone complete and has the weakly convergent sequence coefficient WCS(X) > 1, then X is order continuous. It is shown that a weakly sequentially complete Köthe sequence space X is compactly locally uniformly rotund if and only if the norm in X is equi-absolutely continuous. The dual of the product space ( ⊕∞ i=1 Xi)Φ of a sequence of Banach sp...

The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) is a model for facultative heterochromatin. Increased DNA compaction for the Xi, and for facultative heterochromatin in general, has long been assumed based on recognition of a distinct Barr body using nucleic-acid staining. This conclusion has been challenged by a report revealing equal volumes occupied by the inactive and active X chromosomes. Here, we...

where b, y ∈ IR; ci, xi, si ∈ IRi , Ai ∈ IRm×ni , i = 1, . . . , r. For each i = 1, . . . , r, xi and si are the primal and dual slack variables associated with the ith cone and K∗ i = { si ∈ IRi : xi si ≥ 0, ∀xi ∈ Ki } (3) is the dual cone to Ki. We assume that Ki,K i , i = 1, . . . , r are pointed closed convex cones with nonempty interiors. Let K = K1 × K2 × . . . × Kr be the overall cone in...

Samples of aligned MgB(2) crystallites have been prepared, allowing for the first time the direct identification of an upper critical field anisotropy H(ab)(c2)/H(c)(c2) = xi(ab)/xi(c) approximately 1.7, with xi(o,ab) approximately 70 A, xi(o,c) approximately 40 A, and a mass anisotropy ratio m(ab)/m(c) approximately 0.3. A ferromagnetic background signal was identified, possibly related to the...

We consider the problem of nding the quantizer Q that quantizes the K-dimensional causal context Ci = (Xi?t i ; Xi?t 2 ; : : : ; Xi?t K) of a source symbol Xi into one of M conditioning states such that the conditional entropy H (XijQ(Ci)) is minimized. The resulting minimum conditional entropy context quantizer can be used for sequential coding of the sequence X0 ; X1 ; X2 ; : : :.

Th. M. Rassias 1984 proved that the norm defined over a real vector space X is induced by an inner product if and only if for a fixed integer n ≥ 2, ∑ni 1 ‖xi − 1/n ∑n j 1 xj‖ ∑n i 1 ‖xi‖ − n‖ 1/n ∑ni 1 xi‖ holds for all x1, . . . , xn ∈ X. The aim of this paper is to extend the applications of the fixed point alternative method to provide a fuzzy stability for the functional equation ∑n i 1 f ...

We analyze directed, unweighted graphs obtained from xi ∈ R by connecting vertex i to j iff |xi − xj | < ε(xi). Examples of such graphs include k-nearest neighbor graphs, where ε(xi) varies from point to point, and, arguably, many real-world graphs such as copurchasing graphs. We ask whether we can recover the underlying Euclidean metric ε(xi) and the associated density p(xi) given only the dir...

The aim of this paper is to characterize $3$-dimensional $N(k)$-paracontact metric manifolds satisfying certain curvature conditions. We prove that a $3$-dimensional $N(k)$-paracontact metric manifold $M$ admits a Ricci soliton whose potential vector field is the Reeb vector field $xi$ if and only if the manifold is a paraSasaki-Einstein manifold. Several consequences of this result are discuss...

Dosage compensation of the X chromosomes in mammals is performed via the formation of facultative heterochromatin on extra X chromosomes in female somatic cells. Facultative heterochromatin of the inactivated X (Xi), as well as constitutive heterochromatin, replicates late during the S-phase. It is generally accepted that Xi is always more compact in the interphase nucleus. The dense chromosoma...