فضای باز مدارس ازجمله فضاهای مهم آن‌ها و محل فعالیت‌هایی چون بازی آموزش است دانش‌آموزان مهارت‌های تحصیلی، محیطی، اجتماعی را در آن می‌آموزند، بنابراین باید تابع مشخصاتی خاص پاسخ‌گوی همۀ نیازهای باشد. اینکه آسایش حرارتی از اساسی‌ترین نیاز برای حضور حیاط است، تأمین ضروری می‌نمایاند. تعیین محدودۀ امری پیچیده مشابه، بسته به تنوع افراد، تجربیات، انتظارات، فرهنگ، سن، جنسیت آن‌ها، متفاوت است. پژوهش حاض...

Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission can be used to monitor changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS). In this study, we exploit TWS observations a new temporal gravity field model, Tongji-Grace2018, which was developed using an optimized short-arc approach at Tongji University. We analyzed groundwater (GWS) each of nine major river basins Chinese mai...

Index insurance has been introduced as a solution to tackle several challenges that prevail in the agricultural sector of developing countries. One main implementation these countries is lack reliable weather data for index development and implementation. The increasing availability satellite could ease constraints access. Meanwhile, suitability various products yield estimation across world re...

The study proposes a new mathematical method, referred to as spectral combination, downscale Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations. goal is improve the spatial resolution of GRACE from 1? 0.25?, based upon available hydrological variables. First, approach condition adjustment proposed estimate uncertainties related Second, spectral-spatial estimator developed derive downs...

رویکرد باززنده‌سازی در عرصۀ حفاظت از میراث معماری نیازمند شناسایی و احصای همۀ ارزش‌های مرتبط با اثر است، اما فرایند به تأثیرگذاری جغرافیای طبیعی بر شکل‌گیری اندیشۀ انسان برای خلق آن، ‌عنوان مکانی، کمتر توجه شده است. ضعف شناخت تبیین این ارزش‌ها سبب دست رفتن محیط اثرگذار نابودی یکپارچگی زمینه‌اش می‌شود. سوی دیگر، معماری، علاوه ‌بر مرتبط، تداوم بستر زمان نیز ضروری پژوهش، هدف ارتقای دانش ارزش‌گذاری...

The Upper East Region, Ghana, West Africa, lies within the Volta Basin, floods annually, and contributes substantially to Ghana’s food production. We assessed precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), total water storage anomalies from GRACE (TWSA) GLDAS-Noah (TWCA) study influence of UER’s climate on availability between 2002 2017. analysed (1) relative uncertainties data sets using triple-c...

Located in northwestern Niger, the Tim Mersoï Basin (TMB) is an important mining region scale of West Africa. Groundwater considered main source fresh water basin, especially for activities. It, therefore, appears essential to monitor their responses these However, no study has been carried out Basin. This aims evaluate groundwater storage changes (GWSC) TMB and analyze spatio-temporal evolutio...

As the most direct indicator of drought, dynamic assessment and prediction actual evapotranspiration (AET) is crucial to regional water resources management. This research aims develop a framework for AET evaluation based on multiple machine learning methods multi-source remote sensing data, which combines Boruta algorithm, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR) models, employing d...

Accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) is crucial for the sustainable management resources and human living. In this study, long-term TWSA estimates are reconstructed by integration multiple meteorological products balance (WB) method at 0.5° × resolution, generating a total 12 combinations different data. This scheme applied to 10 river basins (RBs) within China vali...

Earth surface longwave radiation (SLR), including downward (DLR), upward (ULR), and net (NLR), significantly impacts the budget global climate evolution. However, spatiotemporal variation in SLR remains poorly understood. In this study, three satellite products (GLASS-MODIS V40, GLASS-AVHRR, CERES-SYN) reanalysis datasets (ERA5, MERRA-2, GLDAS) were validated using ground measurements from 288 ...