Introduced species frequently show geographic differentiation, and when differentiation mirrors the ancestral range, it is often taken as evidence of adaptive evolution. The mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) was introduced to North America from Eurasia 150-200 years ago, providing an opportunity to study parallel adaptation in a genetic model organism. Here, we test for clinal variation in...

This case-control study investigated risk factors for enamel fluorosis in optimally fluoridated children, born after the US infant formula industry voluntarily reduced the fluoride content of their products. Analysis was performed on 233 children, aged 10-14 years. Case-control status was determined using the Fluorosis Risk Index (FRI). Risk factor exposure was ascertained via a mailed question...

x0. Introduction Let X be a compact metric space and assume that f : X ! X is a continuous map. Denote by the nonwandering set of f. An interesting and a nontrivial invariant of f is HD(()-the Hausdorr dimension of. It is usually a highly nontrivial problem to nd HD((). The seminal work of Bowen Bow2] gives HD(() as the solution to P(tt) = 0 for some special expanding maps. Here P(g) denotes th...

The efficiency and scalability of traditional parallel force-decomposition (FD) algorithms are not good because of high communication cost which is introduced when skew-symmetric character of force matrix is applied. This paper proposed a new parallel algorithm called UTFBD (Under Triangle Force Block Decomposition), which is based on a new efficient force matrix decomposition strategy. This st...

BACKGROUND Ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) has been diagnosed with clinical examination and electrodiagnostic studies. This study was designed to determine the value of a combination of grey-scale and color Doppler ultrasound findings in the diagnosis of patients with UNE. MATERIALS AND METHODS During May to August 2013 41 patients with UNE (proven by electrodiagnostic studies) and 44 healthy vo...

Given the scientific consensus that climate change is impacting biodiversity, estimates of future climate change effects on stream communities and assessments of potential biases are necessary. Here, we propose a simple technique to approximate changes in invertebrate and fish biomonitoring results. Taxa lists for 60 (invertebrate) and 52 (fish) sites were each modified by 10 multipliers as ste...

Analyses of electroencephalographic signals and subsequent diagnoses can only be done effectively on long term recordings that preserve the signals’ morphologies. Currently, electroencephalographic signals are obtained at Nyquist rate or higher, thus introducing redundancies. Existing compression methods remove these redundancies, thereby achieving compression. We propose an alternative compres...

Although multiple environmental cues regulate the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, previous studies have suggested that wild A. thaliana accessions fall primarily into two classes, distinguished by their requirement for vernalization (extended winter-like temperatures), which enables rapid flowering under long days. Much of the difference in vernalization response is apparently ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term effect and safety of an epidural steroid injection in spinal stenosis patients, with or without local anesthetics. METHODS Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with spinal stenosis were included and randomly divided into two groups. Translaminar epidural and selective nerve root spinal injection procedures were performed using steroids mixed with local anesthetics...

With the goal of identifying high redshift radio galaxies with FRI classification, here are presented high resolution, wide–field radio observations, near infra–red and optical imaging and multi–object spectroscopy of two fields of the Leiden–Berkeley Deep Survey. These fields, Hercules.1 and Lynx.2, contain a complete sample of 81 radio sources with S1.4GHz > 0.5 mJy within 0.6 square degrees....