Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune joint disease in which the complement system plays an important role. Of the several components of complement, current evidence points to C5 as the most important inducer of inflammation. Several groups generated Abs or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or small molecule inhibitors against C5 and C5aR1 (CD88) that have showed some efficacy i...

To the Editor: A 48‐year‐old female underwent C4/5 and C5/6 Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty 3 years earlier for right shoulder pain and right arm numbness and weakness. The symptoms resolved postoperatively, and the location of the implant was good 6 weeks after the surgery; however, the range of motion (ROM) of the C4/5 and C5/6 implant were only 1° and 4°, respectively. The patient complaine...

Complement acts as a danger-sensing system in the innate immune system, and its activation initiates a strong inflammatory response and cleavage of the proteins C3 and C5 by proteolytic enzymes, the convertases. These contain a non-catalytic substrate contacting subunit (C3b or C4b) in complex with a protease subunit (Bb or C2a). We determined the crystal structures of the C3b homologue cobra v...

Inhibiting complement anaphlytoxin C5a during sepsis may prevent sepsis mortality. Although human anti-C5 antibodies exist, their therapeutic use in microbial sepsis has been avoided because of the hypothesis that inhibiting C5b will prevent formation of the bactericidal membrane attack complex (MAC) and worsen clinical outcome. We wished to test the hypothesis that inhibition of C5 would impro...

هیدریدهای فلزی به دلیل واکنش گرمازا و گرماگیر با هیدروژن می­توانند به منظور سرمایش و یا گرمایش محیط مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. در این تحقیق توانایی سردسازی پمپ­های گرمایی بر پایه هیدریدهای فلزی دارای کمپرسور (cdmhhp) برای اولین بار با استفاده از یک مدل دو بعدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تحقیقات گذشته بر روی cdmhhp ها تنها با استفاده از مدل یک بعدی صورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از شبیه­سازی با نتایج ...

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was shown to play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways in plants. PP2A is made of 3 subunits: a scaffolding subunit A, a regulatory subunit B, and a catalytic subunit C. It is believed that the B subunit recognizes specific substrates and the C subunit directly acts on the selected substrates, whereas the A subunit brings a B subunit and ...