Auxins are phytohormones that are essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. The main auxin produced by plants is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). IAA exists in free and conjugated forms, corresponding to the bioactive and stored hormones, respectively. Free IAA levels, which are crucial for various physiological activities, are maintained through a complex network of environmentall...

• An effective transformation method is described for Medicago truncatula A17, verifying its suitability as a model legume for functional genomics. • Media and culture methods are detailed that yielded an average frequency of 35% for recovery of transgenic shoots from cotyledonary node explants and 39% for root induction and regeneration of entire plants from 419 phosphinothricinresistant shoot...

Expression of the PrfA-controlled virulence gene hly (encoding the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin) is under negative regulation by readily metabolized carbon sources in Listeria monocytogenes. However, the hyperhemolytic strain NCTC 7973 exhibits deregulated hly expression in the presence of repressing sugars, raising the possibility that a defect in carbon source regulation is responsibl...

This experiment was conducted during the period from August 2004 to April 2005 in the Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this experiment, an efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of transgenic rice plants was developed by inoculating mature embryo of three indica ric...

To improve Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco, factors influencing gene delivery, including genotype of the plant, bacterial strain, and Agrobacterium transformation procedure, were tested via direct somatic embryogenesis. Leaf tissue of three different tobacco genotypes (Nicotiana tabacum L. cvs. Samsun, and Xanthi, and N. benthamiana) we...

As a result of this realization, new study Gus Baha's preaching discourse, particularly on Java, is required. This serves strategic purpose as foundation for future research and, more broadly, reference knowledge. There are three approaches in examining sermons, according to past expert research: language, socio-culture, and religiosity or religion. result, the goal describe sermon presented Ja...

To clarify how root-synthesized cytokinins (CKs) are transported to young shoot organs, CK distribution patterns were analysed in free-CK-responsive ARR5::GUS transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. together with free plus bound CKs using specific CK monoclonal antibodies. Plants were subjected to two different growth conditions, completely protected from any air movement, or exposed ...

PURPOSE Irinotecan (CPT-11) induced diarrhea occurs frequently in patients with cancer and limits its usage. Bacteria β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes in intestines convert the nontoxic metabolite of CPT-11, SN-38G, to toxic SN-38, and finally lead to damage of intestinal epithelial cells and diarrhea. We previously reported amoxapine as a potent GUS inhibitor in vitro. To further understand the m...