This paper introduces a new model for decision making under ambiguity called second-order uncertainty. The maker considers all probability distributions associated with the given options, and chooses allocation that minimizes variability of outcome across probabilities. Optimal uncertainty is equal weighted allocation, also naive diversification. • A developed. Second-order outcomes

conclusions this study showed that cccdna can be detected in the plasma specimen of 17.9% of iranian treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis b infection. therefore, designing prospective studies focusing on the detection of cccdna in these patients would provide more information. results the mean (sd) age of the patients was 41.1 ± 12.4 years (range, 20 - 62 years). from a total of 106 ...

Graphical Abstract Highlights d Reversion or derivation of hESCs in 5iLAF results in SSEA4-negative cells d SSEA4-negative hESCs show gene expression consistent with naive pluripotency d Naive hESCs show lost ''memory'' of gamete and blastocyst methylation d Imprinting is lost in naive hESCs In Brief Pastor and colleagues show that reversion of primed hESCs in 5iLAF, or derivation of hESCs in 5...

background egypt has one of the highest (16-8%) prevalence rates of hcv infection in the world. approximately 90% of egyptian hcv isolates belong to a single subtype (4a), which responds less successfully to interferon therapy than other subtypes. studies comparing the efficacy and safety of pegifn alfa-2a and pegifn alfa-2b in treatment-naive hcv-infected patients have shown conflicting result...

Following transfer into lymphopenic hosts, naive CD8 T cells proliferate and acquire memory phenotype. Although the acquired phenotype is stable in recombination activating gene-1-deficient (RAG-/-) recipients, in sublethally irradiated mice naive CD8 T cells of donor origin gradually accumulate. The naive cells have been attributed to phenotypic reversion of homeostatic memory cells, implying ...

Kruppel-like Factor 2 [KLF2, also called lung Kruppel-like factor (LKLF)] is a transcription factor shown to be necessary for the maintenance of naive T cells. KLF2 is expressed in both naive and memory cells, and is proposed to promote quiescence in these populations. During T cell stimulation, both KLF2 protein and mRNA are down-regulated, and loss of KLF2 appears to be critical for full T ce...