Yaroslav Urzhumov,1,* Jae Seung Lee,2 Talmage Tyler,1 Sulochana Dhar,1 Vinh Nguyen,1 Nan M. Jokerst,1 Paul Schmalenberg,2 and David R. Smith1 1Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA 2Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA (Received 13 April 2012; revised manuscript received 6 July 2012; published...

BACKGROUND Four central Sahara mountainous massifs provide habitats for relict populations of fish. In the Adrar of Mauritania all available data on the presence and distribution of fish come from pre-1960 surveys where five fish species were reported: Barbus pobeguini, Barbus macrops, Barbus mirei, Sarotherodon galilaeus, and Clarias anguillaris. Since 1970, drought has had a severe impact in ...

The León rock lizard, Iberolacerta galani, lives in isolated mountains of Spain. We studied the seasonal changes in the thermal biology of I. galani between spring and summer. We calculated precision, accuracy and effectiveness of thermoregulation and the habitat thermal quality for spring, and compared with the values of summer. In addition, we studied how the shift in the thermal preferences ...

Theoretical and field studies suggest that inferior competitors may be able to avoid costly agonistic interactions, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood in lizards. The “Dear enemy recognition” theory proposes that higher tolerance among familiar than among unfamiliar conspecifics may reduce costly interactions. Male lizards Lacerta monticola are able to discriminate between f...

Cyclocheilichthys is the valid name for the genus that includes Barbus apogon Valenciennes. Cyclocheilichthys has precedence over Anematichthys, which is a simultaneous objective synonym. If C. enoplos is considered not to be congeneric with C. apogon, the valid name for a genus that includes it is Cyclocheilos.