Many species of bacteria, under conditions stress or nutrient limitation, enter a state dormancy referred to as viable but non-culturable (VBNC). VBNC bacteria persist in the environment, are difficult detect and identify by many standard laboratory methods can be altered their susceptibility antibiotics. Entry into is often accompanied morphological changes; however, mechanisms underlying this...

The elaboration of guidelines for the industry to establish minimum concentration prevent cross-contamination during washing practices based on operational limits is core recommended criteria use sanitizers. Several studies have evidenced that sanitizers reduced levels foodborne pathogens. However, they might lead progress into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state cells. This evidence has r...

This review highlighted the following: (i) pathogenic mechanism of the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, especially on its cardiotoxicity, (ii) heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, especially structure-activity relationship of heat-stable enterotoxin, (iii) RNA N-glycosidase activity of Vero toxins (VT1 and VT2) ...

يتحدث البحث عن العلاقات السوفيتية – الباكستانية خلال عام 1980 الذي شهد تطورات مهمة على المستوى الإقليمي والدولي لاسيما بعد الاحتلال السوفيتي لأفغانستان في 27 كانون الاول 1979، الامر زاد من توتر ابان ذلك العام وخلق ازمة سياسية علاقات البلدين ظلت اثارها مستمرة لعدة سنوات ، وقد سلط طبيعة وما صاحبها مفاوضات جرت بينهما بشأن حل الازمة الأفغانية .
 قسم الى محورين تضمن المحور الاول: ردود الفعل عقب...