The evaluation of water bodies “at risk” of not achieving the Water Framework Directives goal of “good status” begs the question of how big a risk is acceptable before a programme of measures should be implemented. Adequate documentation of expert judgement and statistical uncertainty in pollution budgets and water quality modeling combined with Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian belief networ...

Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is a still relatively new technique. One of its main application challenges is interpreting the three dimensions of its results in combined fashion. This paper presents the first attempt at an integrated solution-oriented approach in the LCSA, while simultaneously interpreting the results of the three assessments in a combined fashion toward improving...

Coastal areas are characterised by the choice of performance measures and/or reference points which may be critical in the environmental management process, determining the success of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan. The tools for the strategic control of ICZM plans are particularly important, although they are still not widely used at the local level. The following paper prop...

Inter-basin water transfer projects (IBWTPs) offer one of the most important means to solve the mismatch between supply and demand of regional water resources. IBWTPs have impacts on the complex ecosystems of the areas from which water is diverted and to which water is received. These impacts increase damage or risk to regional ecological security and human wellbeing. However, current methods m...

This paper fulfils a gap in environmental management by producing a typology of stakeholders for effective participatory processes and co-design of solutions to complex social–environmental issues and then uses this typology for a stepwise roadmap methodology for balanced and productive stakeholder engagement. Definitions are given of terminology that is frequently used interchangeably such as ...

This study investigates the basic characteristics and proposes a concept for the complex system of geographical conditions (CSGC). By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation with the index system, we selected indexes for geographical conditions according to the resources, ecology, environment, economy and society parameters to build a system. This system consists of four hierarchies: inde...

The stream functioning is closely influenced by land uses, along the stream itself and throughout the catchment. Land uses can be seen as both the expression of the natural environment and the result of increasing human activities. Land uses generate various (in kind and intensity) pressures (positive or negative) that alter river water quality at different scales of time and space. The objecti...

امروزه علاقه به اعمال سبک مربی گری در میان مدیران سازمانها حال رشد است. سازمان ها دنبال این روش مدیریتی هستند تا با استفاده از شایستگی های گری، نیروی انسانی خود را متعهد ساخته و بهبودعملکرد فردی سازمانی نائل آیند. وجود این، هیچ تحقیق یا ادبیاتی زمینه ندارد که کدامیک عوامل بیشترین بهبود عملکرد برای ویژه بانک بوجود می آورند. حاضر راستای پاسخگویی چالش، صورت جامع نظام مند تمامی شاخص هایی حوزه موثر ...

با رشد سریع فناوری اطلاعات، تولیدکنندگان که در گذشته فقط به‌صورت سنتی و از طریق خرده‌فروشان محصولات خود را عرضه می‌کردند، می‌توانند مستقیم آنلاین نیز کنند. این پژوهش، یک زنجیره تأمین دو­کاناله شامل تولیدکننده خرده‌فروش نظر گرفته است آن می‌تواند دو کانال به فروش برساند. فرض می‌­شود محصول روش حمل درنتیجه زمان تحویل متفاوت ‌می‌کند قاعدتاً روی تقاضای یکدیگر تأثیر می‌گذارد. موردنظر ابتدا حالت غیرمتمر...