The availability of rapid and sensitive methods to diagnose syphilis facilitates screening of pregnant women, which is one of the most cost-effective health interventions available. We have evaluated two screening methods in Tanzania: an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and a point-of-care test (POCT). We evaluated the performance of each test against the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assa...

Historically, methods used to identify Vibrio vulnificus in environmental samples have been inadequate because isolation and identification procedures are time-consuming and fail to separate V. vulnificus from other bacterial species. We describe an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and culture techniques which identified V. vulnificus in seawater, sediment, and oysters. The EIA used monoclonal antibody...

In this immunoenzymatic assay for human lutropin (hLH) we used bi-specific antibodies (BiAbs) obtained from the fusion of two hybridomas producing antibodies to beta-D-galactosidase and hLh. The BiAb complexed with the enzyme beta-D-galactosidase was used as tracer in a double-determinant assay. We compared the assay involving the BiAb (Bi-EIA) with an immunoenzymatic assay (EIA) in which the s...

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) systems for measles virus and rubella virus were studied from the standpoints of requirements for suitable viral antigens and control antigens, and the sensitivity and specificity of the tests for detecting antibody elicited by past infection (determination of immunity status), and for serodiagnosis of currenet infections. Crude or semipurified measles virus antigens we...

PURPOSE The goal of this paper is to describe our technical strategy and procedural steps for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) when performed with concomitant recanalization of the iliac artery occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three octogenarians having abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)/common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAA) with unilateral external iliac artery (EIA) occlusion underwent EVAR ...

The human ov-serpin monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MNEI) is encoded by a single gene SERPINB1. It is a highly efficient inhibitor of neutrophil granule proteases. Four murine genes with high sequence identity with MNEI were identified and fully sequenced, and these were named EIA, EIB, EIC, and EID. EIA, EIB and EIC showed the same seven-exon gene structure as SERPINB1. However, EIC in...

The pyridinium cross-links of collagen, pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), provide structural integrity and rigidity to collagen fibrils in bone. During bone degradation (resorption), the cross-links are released into the circulation and eventually excreted in urine. Pyridinium cross-link measurements in urine have been shown to be sensitive and specific indicators of resorption by...

We compared the performance of a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Chlamydiazyme; Abbott Diagnostics, North Chicago, Ill.) with that of cell culture for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection in 1,417 women attending public health clinics. Confirmatory chlamydial testing by a direct fluorescent-antibody test (MicroTrak; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) was performed on specime...

We compared rotavirus detection rates in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and in healthy controls using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and semiquantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). We calculated rotavirus vaccine effectiveness using different laboratory-based case definitions to determine which best identified the proportion of disease that was vaccine preventable. Of...

Lack of attention to the early design process in relation to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has lead to an unsustainable built environment. Often building auditing/monitoring utilising EIA and Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tools are used after the completion of the project, when it is too late to influence the design, materials or components to be used. A sub-processes focusing on en...