Mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes predispose to hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Those leading to truncated proteins bring about a MMR defect, but phenotypes of missense mutations are harder to predict especially if they do not affect conserved residues. Several systems capable of predicting the phenotypes of MMR missense mutations were described. We deployed one of these to study t...

Defective mismatch repair (MMR) in humans is associated with colon cancer and instability of microsatellites, that is, DNA sequences with one or several nucleotides repeated. Key factors of eukaryotic MMR are the heterodimers MutSα (Msh2-Msh6), which recognizes base-base mismatches and unpaired nucleotides in DNA, and MutLα (Mlh1-Pms1), which facilitates downstream steps. In addition, MutSβ (Ms...

Homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) are inextricably linked. HR pairs homologous chromosomes before meiosis I and is ultimately responsible for generating genetic diversity during sexual reproduction. HR is initiated in meiosis by numerous programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs; several hundred in mammals). A characteristic feature of HR is the exchange of DNA strands, wh...

OBJECTIVE To test the immunohistochemical staining pattern of some mismatch repair (MMR) system proteins in endometriotic tissue (ET) and eutopic endometrium. METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted at the Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments of the Udine University Hospital. We analyzed 528 samples obtained from 246 patients affected by endometriosis and 71 samples fr...

Three processes act in series to accurately replicate the eukaryotic nuclear genome. The major replicative DNA polymerases strongly prevent mismatch formation, occasional mismatches that do form are proofread during replication, and rare mismatches that escape proofreading are corrected by mismatch repair (MMR). This review focuses on MMR in light of increasing knowledge about nuclear DNA repli...

Mismatch repair (MMR) is a major DNA repair pathway in cells from all branches of life that removes replication errors in a strand-specific manner, such that mismatched nucleotides are preferentially removed from the newly replicated strand of DNA. Here we demonstrate a role for MMR in helping create new phenotypes in nondividing cells. We show that mispairs in yeast that escape MMR during repl...

Among the techniques of video processing, video summarization is a promising approach to process the multimedia content. In this paper we present a novel summarization algorithm, Balanced Audio Video Maximal Marginal Relevance (Balanced AV-MMR or BAV-MMR), for multi-video summarization based on both audio and visual information. Balanced AVMMR exploits the balance between audio information and ...

Objective: Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency can lead to genome instability and closely correlated with carcinogenesis of endometrial carcinoma and mainly caused by MMR gene germline mutation known as Lynch syndrome (LS) or epigenetic mechanisms of MLH1 promoter methylation. The main objective of the present study is to correlate the clinicopathological features in endometrial carcinoma from 92 ...

BACKGROUND India accounts for 19% of global maternal deaths, three-quarters of which come from nine states. In 2005, India launched a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), to reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) through promotion of institutional births. JSY is the largest CCT in the world. In the nine states with relatively lower socioeconomic levels, JSY pr...

BACKGROUND The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been the focus of considerable adverse publicity in recent years. AIM To describe recent trends in parental attitudes to, and coverage of, MMR vaccine. DESIGN OF STUDY Routine surveillance of vaccine coverage and cross-sectional surveys of parental attitudes. SETTING All health authorities in England (vaccine coverage) and 132 en...