Aim To develop a simple cauda equina syndrome (CES) toolkit to facilitate the subjective examination of low back pain patients potentially at risk of CES. To undertake preliminary validation of the content of the toolkit. BACKGROUND CES is a rare condition which can be very challenging to identify in a generalist medical setting. METHOD A three phase iterative design with two stake holder g...

OBJECTIVE To determine the psychometric qualities of the CES-DR and GDS scales in the elderly and compare them to clinical psychiatric diagnoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first phase consisted of home interviews for determining the psychometric qualities of the GDS and CES-DR scales. In the second phase, psychiatrists conducted diagnostic interviews. The sample consisted of 534 participants o...

The approach of two different ionization techniques including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was tested for the analysis of cholesteryl esters (CEs). The retention time (RT), signal intensity, protonated ion, and product ion of CEs were compared between ESI and APCI. RT of C...

let $(u_n)$ be a sequence of fuzzy numbers.  we recover the slow oscillation of $(u_n)$ of fuzzy numbers from the ces`{a}ro summability of its generator sequence and some additional conditions imposed on $(u_n)$. further, fuzzy analogues of some well known classical tauberian theorems for ces`{a}ro summability method are established as particular cases.

INTRODUCTION Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical features in cauda equina syndrome (CES) is unknown; nor is known whether there are differences in MRI spinal canal size between lumbar herniated disc patients with CES versus lumbar herniated discs patients without CES, operated for sciatica. The aims of this study are 1) evaluating the association of MRI features wi...