Real-world phenomena have traditionally been modelled in 2D/3D GIS. However, powerful insights can be gained by integrating additional non-spatial dimensions, such as time and scale. While this integration to form higher-dimensional objects is theoretically sound, its implementation is problematic since the data models used in GIS are not appropriate. In this paper, we present our research on o...

This paper proposes a generic relational-database schema that can efficiently accommodate various types of GIS data. The proposed schema complies with the OpenGIS Simple Features Specification for SQL developed by OGC (OpenGIS Consortium) and can be used for any geographic application whose geographic objects are represented based on 2D geometry with linear interpolation between vertices. The g...

By contrasting the traditional way in which GIS was completed that comes with less flexible, low efficiency, and lack redundancy which cause high entry cost, the fast development of microkernel plug-in technology provides the lightweight, efficient and scalable solution to Geographical Information System (GIS). This paper is to reveal the potential of microkernel plug-in geospatial information ...

This paper describes the history, background, and current status of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards development consensus process. The roots of the formation of the OGC lie in the early 1990s when a very strong market requirement for exchanging GIS data content was clearly stated. At that time, each GIS vendor had their own formats for publishing and/or exchanging their GIS data....

The implementation and proficient use of GIS, has become so complicated, that it is growing towards a domain in itself Virtual GIS (VGIS) aims at the use of the “knowledge base” inherent in GIS for automatic interpretation of remotely sensed images. VGIS allows the user to deal with abstracted data, hiding technical information about the database and allowing concentration on the user’s particu...

The Internet technology has already changed the Information Society in profound ways, and will continue to do so. Nowadays many people foresee that there is a similar trajectory for the next generation of Internet Grid Technology. As an emerging computational and networking infrastructure, Grid Computing is designed to provide pervasive, uniform and reliable access to data, computational and hu...

Domestic waste water treatment using Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) (also known as septic systems) is a source of nitrogen contamination in groundwater and surface water. Estimating nutrient load from septic systems as a storm water source to surface water bodies is important to reduce nutrient load in support of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) programs. Software packages ...

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based tools used to collect, store, manipulate and display spatially-referenced information. They are used to support decision-making in a wide variety of contexts, including spatial planning and environmental management. Because the process of GIS production, from software development to visualization of GIS output, is characterized by politica...

BACKGROUND An internet-based survey of influenza-like illness (ILI)--the Great Influenza Survey or GIS--was launched in the Netherlands in the 2003-2004 influenza season. The aim of the present study was to validate the representativeness of the GIS population and to compare the GIS data with the official ILI data obtained by Dutch GPs participating in the Dutch Sentinel Practice Network. MET...