Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. The PPP Compression Control Protocol [2] provides a method to negotiate an...

SUMMARY This paper describes a new presentation of continuous speech in terms of the probability of all phoneme types as a function of time. The presentation is called a phoneme probability presentation (PPP) and can be used for phoneme recognition of continuous speech. As a technique ,,0 produce the PPP, we have employed hidden Markov models (HMM) with time duration information. This informati...

AIM To compare current hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening practices with the published 2002 American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Patterns (PPP). METHODS A multiple-choice survey was distributed to 105 ophthalmologists to assess current screening practices and knowledge of patient risk factors. Results were compared with the PPP guidelines. A cost analysis of the PP...

BACKGROUND HCV virus (HCV) is a significant global problem with wide-ranging socio-economic impacts. Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with end-stage liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the economic burden of HCV infection is substantial. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the direct medical care costs of chronic HCV infection. PATIENTS AN...

Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), these ancient and important regulatory enzymes are present in all eukaryotic organisms. Based on the genome sequences of 12 Drosophila species we traced the evolution of the PPP catalytic subunits and noted a substantial expansion of the gene family. We concluded that the 18-22 PPP genes of Drosophilidae were generated from a core set of 8 indispensable phosph...

PURPOSE In reconstructive procedures harvested bone grafts are often temporarily stored in extraoral media while the recipient site is prepared. The aim of the present study was to analyze histomorphometrically osteocytes in calvarial bone grafts stored in either physiologic saline solution or platelet-poor plasma (PPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Calvarial bone fragments were obtained from 12 rab...

RIG-I recognizes molecular patterns in viral RNA to regulate the induction of type I interferons. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I exhibits high affinity for 5' triphosphate (ppp) dsRNA as well as blunt-ended dsRNA. Structures of RIG-I CTD bound to 5'-ppp dsRNA showed that RIG-I recognizes the termini of dsRNA and interacts with the ppp through electrostatic interactions. However, the struc...

This paper investigates the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in Sri Lanka using exchange rates for six currencies during the recent float. Both univariate (Enders and Granger and Ng and Perron unit root tests) and multivariate techniques (asymmetric cointegration and errorcorrection models) are used in the empirical analysis. Enders and Granger unit root tests strongly support the PPP h...

This paper examines the validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) using CPI and Big Mac prices. The benchmark model, i.e., the OLS method, which does not take nonstationarity into account, rejects the hypothesis of PPP regardless of prices used. We next use the panel cointegration method to consider the nonstationary nature of variables. Estimated results for CPI are mixed. The PPP is rejected ...