The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, ARDL model, and alternative volatility models, including GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR models, are used to investigate the relationship between crude oil price and six global fertilizer prices. The empirical result...

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the volatility in global fertilizer prices. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test and alternative volatility models, including the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, and GJR model are estimated for six global fertilizer prices and the crude oil price. Weekly data f...

Many prominent continuous-time stochastic volatility models exhibit certain functional relationships between price jumps and volatility jumps. We show that stochastic volatility models like the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and other continous-time CARMA models as well as continous-time GARCH and EGARCH models all exhibit such functional relations. We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of certain functi...

Even though both symmetric and asymmetric conceptions of news impacts are well-established in the disciplines economics financial markets, effects combining multiple shocks on volatility tourism demand have not yet been delved into or gauged any tourist destination. This work hypothesises verifies that impact curve (NIC), conditional heteroscedastic models, suitable for forecasting Malaysian in...

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, perekonomian tak lepas dari kebutuhan akan uang. Terkait hal tersebut, dibutuhkan perencanaan pencetakan uang serta komposisi yang dicetak selama satu tahun kedepan oleh Bank Indonesia. Peramalan cash outflow dan inflow dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasikan masyarakat. Pada umumnya sering dijumpai permasalahan data deret waktu memiliki hubungan linier. Akan tetapi, ...