Microbe-mineral and -metal interactions represent a major intersection between the biosphere and geosphere but require high-resolution imaging and analytical tools for investigation of microscale associations. Electron microscopy has been used extensively for geomicrobial investigations, and although used bona fide, the traditional methods of sample preparation do not preserve the native morpho...

The importance of the interaction between chemistry and dynamics in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for chemical species like ozone is investigated using two chemistry-climate models and a Lagrangian trajectory model. Air parcels from the upper troposphere, i.e. regions of lightning and aircraft emissions, are able to be transported into the lowermost stratosphere (LMS). Trajectory...

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle, being involved in excitation-contraction coupling. Thus, we aimed to investigate if NOX activity and expression in skeletal muscle are fiber type specific and the possible contribution of this difference to cellular oxidative stress. Oxygen consumption rate, NOX activity and mRNA levels, and the acti...

The purpose of the study was to examine: 1/ endometrial concentrations of nitrate/nitrite (NOx) in pregnant pigs, and 2/ the influence of estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and/or progesterone (P(4)) on NOx production by porcine endometrium during the first half of pregnancy. Total NOx concentrations were determined using a microplate assay method based on the Griess reaction. Evident fluctuations of endo...

Introduction Soot particles and NOx are the main pollutants from diesel engines. Good alternatives to abate these contaminants are the use of catalytic filters, which burn the soot particles, and NOx traps which adsorb the NOx during normal operation and released them during reduction cycles [1]. We recently studied BaK/CeO2 catalysts for this application[2]. Barium plays the role of NOx adsorb...

Introduction Removal of harmful NOx emissions from lean burn and diesel engines in the presence of excess oxygen presents a great challenge. Lean-NOx traps (LNTs, aka NOx storage/reduction (NSR) catalysts or NOx adsorbers) are one of the promising technologies to remove NOx effectively. In the LNT technology, an active (alkali and/or alkaline earth) oxide material takes up NOx under lean engine...

Reactive nitrogen species play important roles in cell signalling, but when present at high concentrations they can subject cells to nitrosative stress, which may lead to cell death. Nitric oxide (NOx) is now recognized as playing important roles in cancer aetiology and progression and it can influence the outcome of cancer treatment. It is synthesised by the action of nitric oxide synthases (N...

The local air quality districts in the Los Angeles area were the first to implement restrictions to require that NOx emissions on natural gas fired boilers be reduced to single digit levels. Now additional states are being required to develop State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to address bringing into compliance the areas that do not meet the ozone standards set forth in the Clean Air Act Amendm...

The major pollutants from diesel engines are NOx and soot. NOx and soot emissions are of concerns to the international community. They have been judged to pose a lung cancer hazard for humans as well as elevating the risk of non-cancer respiratory ailments. These emissions react in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level ozone. Ground-level ozone is a major component of ...

NADPH oxidase is a superoxide (O(2) (•-))-generating enzyme first identified in phagocytes, essential for their bactericidal activities. Later, in non-phagocytes, production of O(2) (•-) was also demonstrated in an NADPH-dependent manner. In the last decade, several non-phagocyte-type NADPH oxidases have been identified. The catalytic subunit of these oxidases, NOX, constitutes the NOX family. ...