A new method to determine the degree of deacetylation (DD) of alpha-chitin and chitosan in the range of 17-94% DD using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is proposed. The results were calibrated using (1)H NMR spectroscopy for chitosan and FTIR for chitin, in comparison with the potentiometric titration method. The results showed a good linear correlation between the CrI020 from XRD and the calibr...

The distribution of Ga and A1 atoms within the octahedral sheets of synthetic goethites has been investigated by XRD and Ga K-edge XANES and EXAFS spectroscopies. XRD results indic te a solid solution between goethite (aFeOOH) and GaGoe4 (40 mol% of Ga). The XANES data indicate the presence of &a in the solid solution. The fitting procedures for EXAFS spectra show no evidence of preferential oc...

Rhombohedral-cubic transformation in Bi2Te3 doped-Pb1-xGexTe alloys is presented. Samples of Bi2Te3 doped Pb1-xGexTe were prepared by powder metallurgy approach. These powder samples were examined by high-temperature XRD and SEM/EDS. A bulk (pressed powder) cylindrical specimen was used for dilatometery characterizations. According to the XRD examinations it seems that upon increasing the tempe...

The deployment of in-situ miniature XRD instruments for planetary exploration requires small focus bright X-ray sources that are physically small, lightweight, robust, and power efficient. Existing miniature X-ray tubes are limited by inefficient thermionic electron sources. We have investigated the potential of carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters for improving the efficiency and durability of...

Indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) were deposited on a (100) P-type monocrystalline Si substrate by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Polycrystalline ITO and anatase TiO2 films were obtained at room temperature (RT). The thickness of ITO (60 to 64 nm) and TiO2 (55 to 60 nm) films was optimized, considering the optical response in the 40...

SiOC films prepared by the capacitively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, nanoindentation, capacitance and Xray diffraction patterns to observe the crystallinity and chemical shift of SiOC. The capacitance decreased after annealing process, and the dielectric constant was also decreased by annealing due to the reduction of polariz...

The BaZrxTi1-xO3: Eu 3+ phosphors have been synthesized the conventional solid state reaction method. Mechanoluminescence (ML) and thermoluminescence (TL) in barium zirconium titanate (BZT) system with Europium as dopant is reported for the first time. The BZT system belongs to perovskite family. The samples are prepared in a high temperature furnace at a temperature of 1200 o C. The powder X r...

A new approach is described for the recovery of precious metals (PMs: Au, Pd and Ag) with >99% efficiency from aqueous solution utilising biogas produced during the aerobic growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gold was recovered from electronic scrap leachate ( approximately 95%) by this method, with some selectivity against Cu. The recovered PM solids all contained metal and sulphur as determined ...

Among the conducting polymers, Polyaniline and its derivatives have been studied extensively in the last decade with improvements in processing having the key role in establishing the intrinsic electrical properties. In the present paper, the camphor sulphonic acid [CSA] doped Poly (o-toluidine) [POT] was prepared using chemical oxidative polymerization method. The prepared CSA doped POT was ch...

Zinc borate is an important boron compound that can be used as multi-functional flame retardant additive due to its high dehydration temperature property. In this study, the raw materials of ZnSO4.7H2O, NaOH and H3BO3 were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and used in the synthesis of zinc borates. The synthesis parameters were set to 1...