Rewards are critical hyperparameters in reinforcement learning (RL), since most cases different reward values will lead to greatly performance. Due their commercial value, RL rewards become the target of reverse engineering by inverse (IRL) algorithm family. Existing efforts typically utilize two metrics measure IRL performance: expected value difference and mean loss, which we call them EVD MR...

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-suited technique to detect slow-moving targets in the presence of a clutter-spreading environment. When considering the STAP system deployed with conformal radar array (CFA), the training data is range-dependent, which results in poor detection performance of traditional statistical-based algorithms. Current registration-based compensation (RBC) i...

BACKGROUND Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is defined as an uncomfortable feeling in the limbs which is prominently sensed in legs. Dopamine system involvement is considered as the base of RLS's etiology. Because of safety, anti-oxidant and dopaminergic promoting action of selenium, this study aims to investigate the effect of selenium on restless leg syndrome treatment. METHODS Sixty patients wi...

Here we propose an algorithm, named generalized orthogonal components regression (GOCRE), to explore the relationship between a categorical outcome and a set of massive variables. A set of orthogonal components are sequentially constructed to account for the variation of the categorical outcome, and together build up a generalized linear model (GLM). This algorithm can be considered as an exten...

We present a method for recovery of damaged parts of old paintings (frescoes), caused by degradation of the pigments contained in the paint layer. The original visible colour information in the damaged parts can be faithfully recovered from measurements of absorption spectra in the invisible region (IR and UV) and from the full spectral data of the well preserved parts of the image. We use the ...

OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize sleep patterns and sleep problems in a large sample of women across all months of pregnancy. METHODS A total of 2427 women completed an Internet-based survey that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, vitality scale of the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Berlin questionnaire...

OBJECTIVE Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic disorder. Secondary RLS includes pregnancy and iron deficiency. Prevalence of RLS in pregnancy ranges from 11% to 27%. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of RLS in pregnancy in a Peruvian population and to evaluate the possible pregnancy or delivery complications due to RLS. METHODS We assessed 218 consecutive exp...

In this paper, an investigation is undertaken to examine the parameter estimation problem of linear systems when some of the measurements are unavalaible (i.e., missing data) and the probability of occurrence of missing data is unknown a priori. The system input and output data are also assumed to be corrupted by measurement noise, and the knowledge of noise distribution is unknown. Under the u...

Generalized estimating equation (GEE) algorithm under a heterogeneous residual variance model is an extension of the iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method for continuous traits to discrete traits. In contrast to mixture model-based expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, the GEE algorithm can well detect quantitative trait locus (QTL), especially large effect QTLs located in large...