The unimolecular reactivities of a range of perbenzoate anions (X-C6H5CO3-), including the perbenzoate anion itself (X = H), nitroperbenzoates (X = para-, meta-, ortho-NO2), and methoxyperbenzoates (X = para-, meta-OCH3) were investigated in the gas phase by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of these compounds reveal product ions c...

Due to the barely resonant earthed system used in transmission line, it is more challenging identify faults at a 66 kV voltage level because of insufficient fault identification techniques. In this paper, line method based on characteristic matrix and an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO)-wavelet neural network (WNN) proposed address difficulties extracting detecting parameters. The ma...

Circular antenna array has gained immense popularity in the field of communications nowadays. It has proved to be a better alternative over other types of antenna array configuration due to its all-azimuth scan capability, and a beam pattern which can be kept invariant. This paper is basically concerned with the thinning of a large multiple concentric circular ring arrays of uniformly excited i...

In this study, on the combination of chlorpromazine with two aromatic rings, halogens are attached to the rings, and changes in the angles and lengths of the ipsos are calculated. Calculations show that by changing the halogen based on the amount of electronegativity, the magnitude and variation of the angular lengths The lengths of the links also change in the following order. The angles of th...

Meisenheimer complexes are important intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions (S(N)Ar). They are formed by the addition of electron rich species to polynitro aromatic compounds or aromatic compounds with strong electron withdrawing groups. It is possible to distinguish two types of Meisenheimer or sigma-complexes, the sigma(H)-complex or sigma(X)-complex (also named ipso), ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the analgesic efficacy of single and multiple doses of ibuprofen with that of paracetamol in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis (IPSO study). METHOD 222 patients were randomised in a double blind, multicentre study-156 (70%) had a painful knee joint and 66 (30%) a painful hip joint. The main efficacy criterion was pain intensity assessment after a single dose (ibupr...

Regioselective labelling of arene rings via electrophilic exchange is often dictated by the electronic environment caused by substituents present on the aromatic system. Previously, we observed the presence of a t-butyl group, either covalently bond or added as an external reagent, could impart deuterium exchange to the unactivated, C1-position of estrone. Here, we provide nuclear magnetic reso...

This chapter presents a study about the behavior of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in constrained search spaces. A comparison of four well-known PSO variants used to solve a set of test problems is presented. Based on the information obtained, the most competitive PSO variant is detected. From this preliminary analysis, the performance of this variant is improved with two simple modification...

Premature convergence when solving multimodal problems is still the main limitation which affects the performance of the PSO. To avoid of premature, an improved PSO algorithm with an adaptive updating mechanism (IPSO) is proposed in this paper. When the algorithm converges to a local optimum, the updating mechanism begins to work so that the stagnated algorithm obtains energy for optimization. ...

The large-scale integration of wind turbines (WTs) in renewable power generation induces oscillations, leading to frequency aberration due unbalance. Hence, this paper, a secondary control strategy called load (LFC) for systems with turbine participation is proposed. Specifically, backpropagation (BP)-trained neural network-based PI approach adopted optimize the conventional controller achieve ...