BACKGROUND Switching or reclassifying medicines with established safety profiles from prescription to non-prescription aims to increase timely consumer access to medicines, reduce under-treatment and enhance self-management. However, risks include suboptimal therapy and adverse effects. With a long-standing government policy supporting switching or reclassifying medicines from prescription to n...

Abstract. We study the convergence of the upwind Finite Volume scheme applied to the linear advection equation with a Lipschitz divergence-free speed in Rd . We prove a h1/2−ε-error estimate in the L∞(Rd × [0, T ])-norm for Lipschitz initial data. The expected optimal result is a h1/2-error estimate. In a second part, we also prove a h1/2-error estimate in the L(0, T ; L2(Rd))-norm for initial ...

Given that a time-delay system is stable for some delay h0 > 0, a procedure is given to find the stability interval [h1, h ∗ 2] such that h0 ∈ [h1, h2] and for all h satisfying h1 < h < h ∗ 2 the system is stable. Further, the system is shown to be unstable if h = h1 or h = h ∗ 2. It is then shown how this can be applied to test the robust stability (with respect to delay values) of a Smith-Pre...

Human RNase H1 cleaves RNA only when the RNA is present in a DNA-RNA heteroduplex. Previous efforts to create RNase H1 knockout mice resulted in embryonic lethality1, but demonstrated that RNase H1 is required for mitochondrial function. We constructed viable constitutive hepatocyte liver specific RNase H1 knock out mice by coupling the Cre recombinase to an albumin promoter as albumin is not e...

BACKGROUND & AIMS The requirement for costimulation of CD8 T-cell priming and restimulation by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells is unresolved. Here, we investigated whether B7-H1 (CD274, PD-L1) on hepatocytes (HC) is involved in the specific activation of naive CD8 T cells or activated CD8 T blasts. METHODS Naive or activated CD8 T cells from transgenic OT-I mice were primed/restimula...

Protective T‑cell immunity against cancer and infections is dependent on the generation of a durable effector and memory T‑cell pool. Studies from cancer and chronic infections reveal that B7-H1 (PD-L1) engagement with its receptor PD-1 promotes apoptosis of effector T cells. It is not clear how B7-H1 regulates T‑cell apoptosis and the subsequent impact of B7-H1 on the generation of memory T ce...

We have reported previously that the serum nm23-H1 level is a prognostic factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, we examined nm23-H1 expression in T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma in order to evaluate whether lymphoma cells produce the protein. The clinical significance of the cytotoxic molecules, T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) and granzyme B and nm23-H1 expression wer...

Histone H1 variants, known as linker histones, are essential chromatin components in higher eukaryotes, yet compared to the core histones relatively little is known about their in vivo functions. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa encodes a single H1 protein that is not essential for viability. To investigate the role of N. crassa H1, we constructed a functional FLAG-tagged H1 fusion prot...