Hiding from and surprising an opponent are tactics that have been used in warfare throughout history. They were features that aircraft originally possessed when they were first used in military operations. However, development of military technology is an endless struggle between advances in technology and counter technology. During World War II this struggle led to the development of a new tec...

A novel broadband and wide-angle 2-bit coding metasurface for radar cross section (RCS) reduction is proposed and characterized at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The ultrathin metasurface is composed of four digital elements based on a metallic double cross line structure. The reflection phase difference of neighboring elements is approximately 90° over a broadband THz frequency. The mechanism of...

In this paper, we show how 4D/RCS incorporates and integrates multiple types of disparate knowledge representation techniques into a common, unifying architecture. 4D/RCS is based on the supposition that different knowledge representation techniques offer different advantages, and 4D/RCS is designed in such a way as to combine the strengths of all of these techniques into a common unifying arch...

This paper presents a theory of the radar cross section (RCS) of objects in multiple scattering random media. The general formulation includes the fourthorder moments including the correlation between the forward and the backward waves. The fourth moments are reduced to the second-order moments by using the circular complex Gaussian assumption. The stochastic Green’s functions are expressed in ...

PURPOSE To test wireless resonance circuits (RC) to be used as fiducial marker of endovascular catheters during MR-guided interventions. Current markers loose their signal enhancement for certain catheter orientations. The purpose of this study was to test a marker setup which overcomes this orientation problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS The markers were constructed from a pair of two RCs. The RC...

The aim of this work is to present radar cross section (RCS) measurements of a panel constituted of a flat aluminum plate with and without radar absorbing materials (RAM) type thin rubber sheets, in the range of 8 – 12 GHz. Two different loads were evaluated in the RAM formulation: 1. Magnetic (ferrites MnZn, NiZn and MgZn based), and 2. Dielectric (conducting polymers polyaniline based). The m...

Hereditary retinal degeneration in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) strain of rat has been shown to produce extensive loss of photoreceptors and a corresponding decline of the electroretinogram, ganglion cell sensitivity, and the sensitivity of the pupillary light reflex. The behaviorally measured thresholds of RCS rats, on the other hand, are reported to be comparable to those for age-match...

This paper reports a new method for reducing the Radar Cross-Section (RCS) of a metal backed dipole antenna. Numerical simulations are used to show that when the Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC) is replaced by a carefully designed Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), the electromagnetic performance of the antenna is similar in band, but the RCS of the structure is significantly lower out of ban...

The cell envelope protects bacteria from their surroundings. Defects in its integrity or assembly are sensed by signal transduction systems, allowing cells to rapidly adjust. The Rcs phosphorelay responds to outer membrane (OM)- and peptidoglycan-related stress in enterobacteria. We elucidated how the OM lipoprotein RcsF, the upstream Rcs component, senses envelope stress and activates the sign...

PURPOSE The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat is the most extensively studied animal model for understanding the molecular pathology in inherited retinal degeneration, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacologic effects of several Ca(2+) antagonists on the retinal degeneration of RCS rats. METHODS Several Ca(2+) antagonists, diltiaze...