Husserl intended the phenomenological method as a new beginning for philosophy. The epoché, key notion of this method, entails modification attitude such that it can completely cancel and disempower all might be given to us used philosophical inquiry. In Ideas I, in particular, is addressed “neutrality modification,” defined universal consciousness permeates attitude. Neutralization, along with...

The Federal Trade Commission’s (“FTC” or “the commission”) January 3, 2013 decision to close its longstanding investigation of Google brings to a close a flurry of discussion over the possibility that Google could become subject to a “search neutrality” principle in the United States. Although the Commission found against Google on several grounds, it rejected petitions from Google’s critics to...

Neutrality tests in quantitative genetics provide a statistical framework for the detection of selection on polygenic traits in wild populations. However, the existing method based on comparisons of divergence at neutral markers and quantitative traits (Q(st)-F(st)) suffers from several limitations that hinder a clear interpretation of the results with typical empirical designs. In this article...

Fitness landscapes have been proposed as a theoretical construct for investigating and explaining a range of phenomena from biology, physics and combinatorial optimization. A simple definition of a fitness landscape can be given as a triple (V, E, f), where V is a set of vertices, E is a set of undirected edges between the vertices of V, and f:V is an arbitrary function. The vertices of V are c...

Some multi-allelic data obtained by Coyne (1976) and by Singh, Lewontin and Felton (1976) are analyzed for their compatibility with the neutral alleles theory. It is found that strict neutrality appears not to be the case, but that if further alleles were to be distinguished in the samples, neutrality could become a possible explanation.

This publication calls for ambitious and bold action from governments, the private sector regulators. Development of technologies will require new regulatory frameworks to support immediate commercialization. Policy should also incorporate legally binding commitments increased international technology transfer, harmonized standards, definitions ‘green’ hydrogen, energy efficiency, conservation....

In recent years, not only ruggedness but also neutrality has been recognized as an important feature of a fitness landscape for genetic search. Since the traditional theories based on the schema theory are not useful for problems including neutrality, new theoretical guidelines should be developed for effective genetic search. This research direction has been introduced almost for ten years, bu...

Service providers argue that if net neutrality is not enforced, they will have sufficient incentives to build special high-quality channels that will take the Internet to the next level of its evolution. But what if they do get their wish, net neutrality is consigned to the dustbin, and they do build their new services, but nobody uses them? If the networks that are built are the ones that are ...