Global amphibian declines have many corroborative causes, and the use of pesticides in agriculture is a likely contributor. In places with high pesticide usage, such as Costa Rica, agrochemical pesticides may interact with other factors to contribute to rapid species losses. Classical ecotoxicological studies rarely address the effects of a pesticide in combination with other stressors. The pre...

Humans are usually exposed to several pesticides simultaneously; consequently, combined actions between pesticides themselves or between pesticides and other chemicals need to be addressed in the risk assessment. Many pesticides are efficient activators of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and/or constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), two major nuclear receptors that are also activated by other substr...

Residues of organochlorine pesticides were determined in soils and drinking water sources in cocoa growing areas in Ghana. Soil samples analysed showed the presence of four organochlorine pesticide residues namely lindane (0.005-0.05 mg/kg), beta-HCH (<0.01-0.05 mg/kg), dieldrin (0.005-0.02 mg/kg), and p,p'-DDT (0.005-0.04 mg/kg), with dieldrin occurring most frequently. Similarly, organochlori...

Humans are usually exposed to several pesticides simultaneously; consequently, combined actions between pesticides themselves or between pesticides and other chemicals need to be addressed in the risk assessment. Many pesticides are efficient activators of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and/or constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), two major nuclear receptors that are also activated by other substr...

Pesticides are commonly used for health and economic benefits worldwide, but increased use has led to increased contamination of aquatic habitats. To understand potential impacts on nontarget organisms in these habitats, toxicologists generally use short-term (4-d) toxicity tests on model organisms. For most pesticides, few amphibian tests have been conducted, but there is growing concern about...

Farmed and wild samples of two weight Cirrhinus viz., 501-900 g and 901-1300 g of Cirrhinus mrigala were collected from a Commercial Fish Farm and from river Chenab at Trimu Head Jhang, respectively. The extracted residues were pesticides analyzed through reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Endosulfan α, p, p’-DDT, methamidophos, carbofuran, diazinon, parathio...

Over the centuries, humans have developed many ingenious methods in their attempts to control herbs, weeds, insects, invertebrates and microorganisms that constantly threatened the supply of food and fibre as well as posed a threat to public health. The aim of present study was to find out the protective nature of antioxidant property of vitamin E in against chlorpyrifos and endosulfan toxicity...

The effect of the pesticide endosulfan on predator-prey interactions between catfish and Schistosoma host snails was assessed in static tank experiments. Hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. ngamensis) and Bulinus globosus were subjected to various endosulfan concentrations including an untreated control. The 48- and 96-h LC50 values for catfish were 1.0 and <0.5 µg/L, respectively, whereas ...