The effect of bottom topography H on the barotropic transport in a periodic zonal channel is studied. An asymptotic approximation is found for the zonal transport on anf-plane and a P-plane when all f/H isolines are blocked by the zonal walls. It is shown that to leading order, the zonal channel transport is independent of friction. In this it is similar to the Sverdrup transport in a basin. To...

Gyrokinetic Vlasov simulations of the ion temperature gradient turbulence demonstrate reduction of the turbulent transport with enhanced zonal-flow generation in the neoclassically optimized helical configuration as predicted by the theoretical analysis of the zonal-flow response. The inward-shifted plasma of the Large Helical Device, thus, has better confinement than that with the standard mag...

crops every 3 yr) and even continuous (annual) cropping in some instances. For example, annualized grain yields Water is the principle limiting factor in dryland cropping systems. for WCF are 75 to 100% greater than WF (Peterson et Surface soil physical properties influence infiltration and cropping al., 2000). Cropping intensification has been possible systems under no-till management may affe...

Options to tackle the sustainability challenges faced in the production of rice, including global and local environmental perspectives, need to be discussed. Here, the global warming potential, water consumption and cumulative energy demand were analyzed using a life-cycle assessment to highlight the sustainability aspects of rice production in Taiwan, where a mixed organic and conventional ric...

Emerald, north-east Queensland, is at the northern margin of the wheat cropping region of Australia. The Emerald region was previously used predominantly for grazing beef cattle; however, cropping has developed in importance over the past 30 years. We use historical climate records (1890-1998) to simulate and compare wheat yields, grass production and live-weight gain (LWG) over time. The cropp...

Myelin was shown to be a locus for radioantibody absorption in vivo in normal rat brain and in areas adjacent to human brain tumors. The technic of zonal centrifugation in a sucrosedensity gradient was used to isolate the myelin-antimyelin complexes and to provide fractions for absorbancy and radio activity profiling of brain and brain tumor particulate matter. A density shift in myelin from 1....

We elucidate the role of zonal flows in transient phenomena observed during L-H transition by studying a simple L-H transition model which contains the evolution of zonal flows, mean ExB flows, and the ion pressure gradient. Zonal flows are shown to trigger the L-H transition and cause time-transient behavior through the self-regulation of turbulence before a mean shearing, due to a steep press...

[1] We present an experimental and numerical study of a rotating fluid with a zonal flow produced from small-scale eddies, a common feature of many planetary systems. The apparatus consists of a water-filled annular tank with a sloped bottom. Flow is forced mechanically at small, nonaxisymmetric scales. Potential vorticity is materially conserved and well-mixed. This implies the existence of no...

The general aspects of zonal flow physics, their formation, damping and interplay with quasi two dimensional turbulence are explained in the context of magnetized plasmas and quasi-geostrophic fluids with an emphasis on formation and selection of spatial patterns. General features of zonal flows as they appear in planetary atmospheres, rotating convection experiments and fusion plasmas are revi...

In planetary atmospheres in Jupiter or Saturn, for example, strong zonal jets have been observed. The existence of the zonal jet flow has been considered as one of the robust properties of planetary atmospheres. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes flow on a rotating sphere is considered to be one of the simplest and most fundamental models of the atmospheric motions taking into acc...