The main sources of arsenic emission in Romania are ore smelters and refineries. Arsenic determinations were carried out by the silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method on hair and urine samples taken from smelter workers and individuals residing in two polluted areas and three areas not polluted by arsenic. Arsenic in hair was found to be a more reliable biologic test than tests...

CODELCO’s Chuquicamata Copper Smelter, located in Chile, must meet an environmental standard established in 2002 that limits the sulfur emissions from the copper-production process. This regulation placed new restrictions on the production process, and consequently the heuristic criteria based on years of operator experience no longer resulted in high production levels. We developed a model to ...

Switchgear (GIS) to the 220/33kV step down transformers, the 33kV and 6.6 kV switchgear all the way to the plant wide 400VAC distribution a fully integrated power distribution system nears completion. ABB’s local manufacturing capability, engineering resources and experience were fully utilised to make it all possible. EMAL’s world first smelter fully integrated power distribution system will s...

A diagnosis of the actual distributed control and measurements system for a Teniente Converter, processing copper concentrates is presented. Besides the importance of this converter in Caletones Smelter, there are a number of unsolved problems related to lack of instrumentation, lack of process knowledge, odd operating practices, and in general lack of use of procedures to process data to aid m...