This paper analyzes the behavior of the tax revenue to output ratio over the business cycle. In order to replicate the empirical evidence, we develop a simple model combining the standard Ak growth model with the tax evasion phenomenon. When individuals conceal part of their true income from the tax authority, they face the risk of being audited and hence of paying the corresponding …ne. Under ...

Adeline Salim and Stephen Gordon, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK; Tapiwa Bwakura, Department of Medicine, Harare, Zimbabwe; and Narcisius Dzvanga, Department of Medicine, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Correspondence to: Dr Stephen Gordon, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK. Email: [email protected] Introduction As in much of sub-Saharan Africa, r...

The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) regulates the introductory price of new patented medications in Canada. Some drugs are marketed before they are patented and are therefore outside the authority of the PMPRB. This study was undertaken to determine how many drugs fall into this category, the time period between marketing and patenting, and the excess revenue, if any, earned befor...

We examine the diffusion of different types of information through email networks and the effects of these diffusion patterns on the performance of information workers. In particular, we ask: What predicts the likelihood of individuals becoming aware of a new piece of information, and how quickly they obtain it? Do different types of information exhibit different diffusion patterns, and do diff...

BACKGROUND In the decade after 1983, the annual growth rate of drug expenditure was about four times as high as that of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Shanghai. In 1993 and 1994, a drug list policy and hospital revenue capping policy were introduced in Shanghai to contain drug expenditure. We studied the impact of these two policies, as a model for similar policies in other parts of...

We use income data from tax registers at the Uganda Revenue Authority 2011 to 2017 estimate top inequality, focusing on very top—the 1, 0.1, and 0.01 per cent of distribution. The focus extreme is facilitated by access population formal sector income. microdata registries, submitted monthly employers, are supplemented national accounts that used for control totals. Our results suggest over peri...

SETTING This study determined the number of slides required to identify one additional case of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) from the third smear. The study hypothesis was that not more than 100 and 75 slides, respectively, in Mongolia and Zimbabwe, need to be examined to find one additional case of TB with a third serial diagnostic sputum smear examination. METHODS In a retrospecti...

A tomato-infecting tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) isolate was detected in Zimbabwe using lateral flow kits and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly were subsequently performed to determine its genome sequence. The ToMV genome of the Zimbabwe isolate is the second to be reported in Africa.

Field Epidemiology in Africa Sheba Nakacubo Gitta, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Mufuta Tshimanga African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Makerere University School of Public Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Zimbabwe Field Epidemiology Training Program, Department of Community Medicine, Harare, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Sheba Nakacubo Gitta, African Field ...

PETER A. LINDSEY,∗†† L. G. FRANK,† R. ALEXANDER,‡ A. MATHIESON,§ AND S. S. ROMAÑACH∗ ∗Tropical Resource Ecology Programme, University of Zimbabwe, Box 167, Mt. Pleasant, Zimbabwe †Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, U.S.A. ‡Department of Environmental Studies, Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, VA 24595, U.S.A. §Mpala research Centre, P.O. B...