BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of switching from branded to generic antiretrovirals in patients with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL. METHODS Matched-cohort study of patients followed at a single clinical center. Since September 2014, all patients with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL who were receiving branded lamivudine or zidovudine/lamivudine or efavirenz were switche...

Variants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) have been selected by passage of virus in cell culture in the presence of drug. Wild-type, sensitive virus became partially resistant to zidovudine by passage 12 (50% inhibitory dose values measured in HeLa CD4+ cells increased from 0.014 to 0.2 microM), and genetic analysis using ...

Patients harbouring drug-resistance viruses usually suffer a rise in serum viraemia after a variable period of time. We have investigated the relationship between the appearance of resistant genotypes and the viral load of each patient after treatment. Our objective was to assess the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA plasma levels and the number of drug resistance-assoc...

Conventional antiretroviral therapy involves administration of standard fixed doses to adults and adolescents. This approach ignores interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and results in substantial differences in systemic concentrations among patients. Thus, variability in systemic concentrations contributes to variability in response to therapy. This study was designed to evaluate th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of the administration of zidovudine (AZT), an antiretroviral drug, in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS Seven female patients (age 57 +/- 8.6 yr) with primary SS were enrolled in an open, uncontrolled trial of AZT (250 mg b.i.d.) for the treatment of primary SS. The efficacy variables were oral and ocular dryness symptoms, fatigue, tende...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral treatments decrease HIV mother-to-child transmission through pre/post exposure prophylaxis and reduction of maternal viral load. We modeled in-utero and intra-partum HIV transmissions to investigate the preventive role of various antiretroviral treatments interventions. METHODS We analysed data from 3,759 women-infant pairs enrolled in 3 randomized clinical trials ev...

OBJECTIVE To investigate potential mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-uninfected infants exposed to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in utero and/or neonatal zidovudine. DESIGN A prospective observational study performed in a tertiary referral center for HIV-infected women and their infants and children. METHODS Plasma lactate was measured repeatedly during the first 6 months of life...

BACKGROUND WHO recommends starting therapy with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), i.e. nevirapine or efavirenz, with lamivudine or emtricitabine, plus zidovudine or tenofovir. Few studies have compared resistance patterns induced by efavirenz and nevirapine in patients infected with the CRF01_AE Southeast Asian ...

BACKGROUND The most effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in pregnancy and its efficacy during breast-feeding are unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 560 HIV-1-infected pregnant women (CD4+ count, > or = 200 cells per cubic millimeter) to receive coformulated abacavir, zidovudine, and lam...