Robert Adler, best known as the co-inventor of the television remote control, died in February at the age of 93. He had been active, as a consultant in ultrasonics, well beyond the age of 90. Indeed, the last of his approximately 180 U.S. patents is dated February 1, 2007—two weeks before his death. Adler was born in Vienna in 1913 and received a doctorate in physics from the University of Vien...

We present, to the best of our knowledge, a new method to retrieve tropospheric ozone (O3) profiles from ground-based ultraviolet spectroscopic measurements. This method utilizes radiance spectra in the Huggins bands (i.e., 300-340 nm) measured at three off-axis angles (e.g., 45 degrees, 75 degrees, and 85 degrees) normalized to direct-Sun irradiances or zenith-sky radiances with the total colu...

Modern troposphere delay models like the Vienna Mapping Functions (VMF1) are based on data from Numerical Weather Models (NWM) with a time resolution of typically 6 hours. Different from purely analytical formulations like the Global Mapping Functions, the VMF1 can account for real weather phenomena like changing high and low pressure systems and are thus more accurate. Additionally, the zenith...

Novel technique for enhanced visual recognition of the landform features developed by spatial analysis on the digital terrain model (DTM) is proposed. The approach called “visibility simulation technique” is consisted form the following steps: (1) visibility calculation, (2) altering an azimuth and zenith angle (following the proposed algorithm), (3) generating continuous surfaces that indicate...

This technical note extends previous Mie calculations to show that there are complex relationships between the asymmetry parameter g and the upscatter fractions for monodirectional incident radiation b(m0). Except for intermediate zenith angles and for the upscatter fraction for diffuse radiation, there are significant differences between b(m0) predicted by the Mie theory and that approximated ...

Neutrino oscillations with parameters relevant for the large mixing solution of the solar neutrino problem (∆m21 = (2 − 20) · 10−5 eV2, sin 2θ12 > 0.65) can lead to observable (up to 10 12 %) excess of the e-like events in the sub-GeV atmospheric neutrino sample. The excess has a weak zenith angle dependence in the low energy part of the sample and strong zenith angle dependence in the high ene...