The production of deoxynivalenol (DONI) on rice, corn, wheat, and barley grains by Fusarium graminearum Schw. NRRL 5883 was investigated. Highest yields (91.9-202 ppm) were obtained on rice; yields on the other substrates were: corn (34.1-84.5 ppm), wheat (3.6-24.4 ppm), and barley (0-6.6 ppm). Fifty isolates of Fusarium from corn inoculated in the field in 1979 with a mixture of strains of F. ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate fungi and contamination levels of aflatoxin B(1), ochratoxin A, fumonisin B(1), and zearalenone in raw materials and finished feed intended for sows at different reproductive stages. Total fungi, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species occurrence, were examined. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger aggregate spp., and F. verticillioides were the prevalent sp...

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species in food and feed. The toxicity of ZEA and its metabolites is related to the chemical structure of the mycotoxin, which is similar to naturally occurring oestrogens. Currently, there is increasing awareness of the presence of fungi and their toxic metabolites in the aquatic environment. One of the sources of these compounds are t...

Dietary estrogens are believed to exert their estrogenic or antiestrogenic (chemopreventive) action in estrogen responsive cells by interacting with the estrogen receptor (ER). The present study was undertaken to evaluate a direct role of ER in estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities of three dietary estrogens (coumestrol, genistein and zearalenone). HeLa cells were transiently co-transfected w...

glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity pattern was determined in tolerant (cv. sumai#3) and susceptible (cv. falat) wheat heads inoculated with fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of head scab disease (fhb), during various developmental stages. gst specific activity exhibited a transient pattern in sumai#3 reaching a maximum level at the milk stage and declining thereafter. gst level in su...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Zearalenone (ZEA) are widespread mycotoxins that contaminate foodstuffs simultaneously, but sufficient data regarding their mixed toxicities are lacking. This study aims to analyze the style of combined effects of OTA and ZEA on cells of their target organs. For this purpose, cytotoxicity was determined in HepG2 and KK-1 cells treated with single and combined forms of OTA...

Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the mostcommon contaminants in cereals worldwide, causing a wide range of adverse health effects onanimals and humans. Many environmental factors can affect the production of these mycotoxins.Here, we have used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Fusarium graminearumstrain 29 culture conditions for maximal toxin p...

Fusarium species can cause head blight of cereals worldwide. This is accompanied by impacts on yield and contamination grains with mycotoxins. Regulations, maximum limits, exist for the relevant mycotoxins (e.g., type A B trichothecenes, zearalenone fumonisins). There interest in a better understanding effect key interacting abiotic factors which determine colonization mycotoxin production smal...

Filamentous fungi are cosmopolitan microorganisms found in almost all environments. It should be pointed out that occurance of moulds on food or feed may cause health disorders in humans and animals. Mycoflora appears as a source of toxic methabolites, mycotoxins, which hepatotoxic, genotoxic, nefrotoxic and carcinogenic abilities were already proven in several studies. Hense mycological analys...