Narghile smoking by young females is becoming more acceptable than cigarettes in the conservative societies of Arab countries. Lack of social constraints on narghile smoking has resulted in an increased prevalence of narghile smoking among young Arab females and an earlier age of onset of this habit when compared to cigarette smoking.Documented health hazards of narghile smoking including pulmo...

Postabsorptive plasma concentrations of the large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) were measured in 74 elderly (age 71 +/- 8 y) and 138 young (age 26 +/- 5 y) healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of valine, leucine, and isoleucine were significantly lower in young females than in young males. This gender-related difference was not observed among elderly subjects because aging was associated with ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the episodic-like memory (ELM) and the transcriptional regulation of the enzymes involved in hippocampal allopregnanolone synthesis in young adult and middle-aged male and female rats. Young adult males, but not middle-aged ones, showed a good performance in the ELM task. In contrast, neither young nor middle-aged females were able to discriminate the spati...

BACKGROUND Targeted global efforts to improve survival of young adults need information on mortality trends; contributions from health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) are required. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study aimed to explore changing trends in deaths among adolescents (15-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years), using census and verbal autopsy data in rural western Kenya usin...

The rapid advancement of electromyography (EMG) technology facilitates measurement of muscle activity outside the laboratory during daily life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bursts in EMG recorded over a typical 8-hour day differed between young and old males and females. Muscle activity was recorded from biceps brachii, triceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris...

The effects of acceleration and delay of puberty in female house mice on survival and reproduction were tested using 6 experimental groups: (1) control females mated at the time of first oestrus, (2) females mated at weaning, (3) females treated with male urine starting at weaning and mated at first oestrus, (4) females housed in groups and mated at first oestrus, (5) females housed alone, trea...

Numerous sex-related morphological adaptations are connected to reproductive behavior in animals. For example, females of some insect species can submerge during oviposition, which may lead to sex-related adaptations in the hydrophobicity (water-repellency) due to specialization of certain morphological structures. On the other hand, ageing can cause changes in hydrophobicity of the surface, be...

OBJECTIVES To determine the gender, sexual history and reason(s) for visit for under-14s (young people) attending the authors' sexual health clinics. METHODS Analysis of case notes of 242 young people who made a total of 598 visits to a sexual health clinic in Gwent, South Wales, UK between 1 January and 31 December 2003. RESULTS Of the 242 young people studied, 41% were male and males were...

Title of Document: VARIABLE FEMALE PREFERENCES AND THE EVOLUTION OF COMPLEX MALE DISPLAYS IN THE SATIN BOWERBIRD (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) Seth William Coleman, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Directed By: Dr. Gerald Borgia, Professor Behavior, Ecology, Evolution & Systematics Program Department of Biology Models of sexual selection suggest that females benefit from assessing male display traits t...