Inferring reproductive and demographic parameters of populations is crucial to our understanding of species ecology and evolutionary potential but can be challenging, especially in partially clonal organisms. Here, we describe a new and accurate method, cloncase, for estimating both the rate of sexual vs. asexual reproduction and the effective population size, based on the frequency of clonemat...

the stripe (yellow) rust in wheat is one of the most important plant diseases in iran. since 1993 several epidemics have occurred in iran causing the breakdown of widely util-ized sources of resistance in wheat cultivars. twenty-seven pathotypes were identified during 2003 and 2004 in greenhouse tests. pathotypes 6e6a+, 6e22a+, 6e130a+, 6e134a+, 6e142a+, 6e158a+, 134e130a+ and 134e142a+ were mo...

Although house dust is known to be a predominant source of exposure to PBDEs, it's not yet clear which part of the dust these chemicals bind to. The dust pictured above contains pet hair (rust brown), pollen (yellow), plant fibers (green), dead skin cells (light to medium brown), dirt and minerals (orange), textile fibers (blue), and spider silk (pink).

Environmental heterogeneity influences coevolution and local adaptation in host-parasite systems. This also concerns applied issues, because the geographic range of parasites may depend on their capacity to adapt to abiotic conditions. We studied temperature-specific adaptation in the wheat yellow/stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST). Using laboratory experiments, PST ...

Hordeum vulgare L. yellow stripe 1 (HvYS1) is a selective transporter of Fe(III)-phytosiderophores in barley that is responsible for iron acquisition from the soil. In contrast, maize Zea mays, yellow stripe 1 (ZmYS1) possesses broad substrate specificity. In this study, a quantitative evaluation of the transport activities of HvYS1 and ZmYS1 chimera proteins revealed that the seventh extracell...

Stripe rust is one of the most common diseases challenging safe production wheat. Rapid identification and analysis urediospores, responsible for disease transmission, are key to preventing controlling stripe rust. The current spore detection time-consuming requires auxiliary equipment, but many optical methods sensors with high efficiency, sensitivity, ability have been developed widely used. ...

Stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is a major constraint to wheat production worldwide. The molecular events that underlie Pst pathogenicity are largely unknown. Like all rusts, Pst creates a specialized cellular structure within host cells called the haustorium to obtain nutrients from wheat, and to secrete pathogenicity factors called effector proteins. ...