BACKGROUND Emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) is a major hurdle for TB control programs especially in developing countries like China. Resistance to fluoroquinolones is high among MDR-TB patients. Early diagnosis of MDR/pre-XDR-TB is essential for lowering transmission of drug-resistant TB and adjusting the treatment regimen. METHODS Smear-positive ...

BACKGROUND While the high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) itself is a matter of great concern, the emergence and rise of advanced forms of drug-resistance such as extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and extremely drug-resistant TB (XXDR-TB) is more troubling. The aim of this study was to investigate the trends over time of patterns of drug resistance in a sample of MDR-TB...

Introduction: The prevalence of extensively drug resistance (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is rapidly progressing. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of XDR A. baumannii in Tripoli, Libya. Methods: AB isolates were identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using an automated system to determine the multidrug resistant organisms. XDR-AB was considered ...

Resistance phenomenon in M tuberculosis is mainly based on decreased permeability of the bacterial envelope and function of effluent pumps. The regulatory gene of the whiB7 transcription determines drug resistance in these bacteria. Increases in WhiB7 protein activity induce transcription of resistance genes leading to intrinsic multidrug resistance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the whi...

BACKGROUND Individualized treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis depends upon reliable and valid drug susceptibility testing (DST) for pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and second-line tuberculosis drugs. However, the reliability of these tests is uncertain, due to unresolved methodological issues. We estimated the association of DST resul...

C static analysis tools often use intermediate representations (IRs) that organize program data in a simple, well-structured manner. However, the C parsers that create IRs are slow, and because they are difficult to write, only a few implementations exist, limiting the languages in which a C static analysis can be written. To solve these problems, we investigate two language-independent, on-dis...

Background:Emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis, particularly multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) has become an obstacle to effective TB control in India. Objectives: To study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of MDR/XDR-TB patients in Kolkata. Methodology: A retrospective study was performed on MDR patients admitted in Jadavpur and Boral TB h...

Recurrence after successful treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is challenging because of limited retreatment options. This study aimed to determine rates and predictors of MDR-TB recurrence after successful treatment in Taiwan. Recurrence rates were analyzed by time from treatment completion in 295 M DR-TB patients in a national cohort. Factors associated with MDR-TB recurr...

Background: This study was done to detect multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among strains isolated from patients in Tehran, Iran, due to importance of these phenotypes in treatment of human infections. Methods: Eighty eightP. aeruginosa were isolated from patients in Tehran, Iran, and identified by routine...

background: this study was done to detect multidrug resistant (mdr) and extremely drug resistant (xdr) of pseudomonas aeruginosa among strains isolated from patients in tehran, iran, due to importance of these phenotypes in treatment of human infections. methods: eighty eightp. aeruginosa were isolated from patients in tehran, iran, and identified by routine methods and pcr for oprl gene. their...