Background: According to modern concepts, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refers severe autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The activation of free radical oxidation processes is essential in the development this disease [1]. Xanthine oxidoreductase a significant reactive oxygen species source [2]. Despite great advances treatment associated with introduction innovative drugs and especially improvement str...

BACKGROUND Aldehyde oxidases have pharmacological relevance, and AOX3 is the major drug-metabolizing enzyme in rodents. RESULTS The crystal structure of mouse AOX3 with kinetics and molecular docking studies provides insights into its enzymatic characteristics. CONCLUSION Differences in substrate and inhibitor specificities can be rationalized by comparing the AOX3 and xanthine oxidase stru...

Two new potential pharmacologic therapies for recurrent stone disease are described. The role of hyperuricosuria in promoting calcium stones is controversial with only some but not all epidemiologic studies demonstrating associations between increasing urinary uric acid excretion and calcium stone disease. The relationship is supported by the ability of uric acid to "salt out" (or reduce the so...

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme responsible for purine degradation, reactive oxygen species production, and adipogenesis. XOR gene-disrupted (XOR(-/-)) mice demonstrate renal failure and early death within several months. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of renal damage in XOR(-/-) mice and to determine the physiological role of XOR in the kidney. Histological ana...

This investigation examined the effect of the anthracycline antitumor agents on reactive oxygen metabolism in rat heart. Oxygen radical production by doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and various anthracycline analogues was determined in heart homogenate, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and cytosol, the major sites of cardiac damage by the anthracycline drugs. Superoxide production in heart sarc...

Oxidative stress is widely known to play a role in asthma. However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2－) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Here we investigated pathophysiological changes in XOR in an experimental model of asthma induced by the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Df...

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme responsible for purine degradation, reactive oxygen species production, and adipogenesis. XOR gene-disrupted (XOR / ) mice demonstrate renal failure and early death within several months. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of renal damage in XOR / mice and to determine the physiological role of XOR in the kidney. Histological analysis...

The crystal structure of the aldehyde oxidoreductase (Mop) from the sulphate-reducing bacterium Destdjovibrio gigas has been analysed and refined to 1.8A (0.18 nm) resolution in its native ‘desulpho’ form, as well as in ‘resulphurated’, oxidized, reduced and alcohol-bound forms [1,2], allowing a detailed look at several structural aspects relevant to catalysis. In analogy with eukaryotic xanthi...

Uric acid increased accumulation and/or reduced excretion in human bodies is closely related to pathogenesis of gout and hyperuricemia. It is highly affected by the high intake of food rich in purine. Uric acid is present in both higher plants and microorganisms with species dependent concentration. Urate-degrading enzymes are found both in plants and microorganisms but the mechanisms by which ...

Our mini-review focuses on dual regulation of cellular nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways by traditionally characterized enzymatic formation from L-arginine via the actions of NO synthases (NOS) and by enzymatic reduction of available cellular nitrite pools by a diverse class of cytosolic and mitochondrial nitrite reductases. Nitrite is a major metabolic product of NO and is found in all cell...