Electrochemically deposited CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were formed using porous silicon (PS) as a substrate/electrode. The structure, electronic behavior of the CdS NPs and the interaction between CdS-PS were systematically examined using electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) at S K-edge and Si K-edge. The optical luminescence behavior of the nanocomposi...

Previous very successful soft X-ray microscopy tomography experiments [1-3] have been performed at a single photon energy. They have provided high spatial resolution, density based 3D images, but with only limited chemical information. We are developing computed angle-scan tomography in a scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) for chemical visualization of a 3D spatial volume. Our goal i...

An optical system for illumination of object in x-ray imaging microscopy is developed. The optical system is a beam condenser consisting of a single-bounce conical-shape mono-capillary (x-ray guide tube: XGT) made of Pyrex glass. The XGT condenser was tested at the beam line 47XU of SPring-8 using a Fresnel zone plate as an objective lens. Comparing with the microscope without beam condenser, t...

A new micro-XRF instrument was developed in combination with an atomic force microscope (AFM). A small pinhole of 5 or 10 μm was made on the AFM cantilever. The center of the micro X-ray beam generated by a polycapillary X-ray lens was passed through the pinhole. The present experiment demonstrated that the size of the original X-ray beam of 48 μm produced by the polycapillary lens was reduced ...

the output of x-ray, especially in the field of required energy for diagnosing the disease is very low (in diagnosing lamps, it is less than 1%). in this kind of lamps the rest of the electrical energy is transformed to heat. this considerable amount of heat induces a myriad of too many limitations in choosing higher levels of radiation, particularly in specialized techniques. this process is t...

An anecdotal description of the trials and tribulations encountered by the first investigators in the field of x-ray optics starting in the late 1940s and how they managed to overcome them is provided. Some of the players, in addition to the author, included Paul Kirkpatrick, Hussein El Sum, and Howard Pattee of Stanford. At the University of Redlands we became interested in producing an x-ray ...

The discovery of energy loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) has created a new approach to element specific magnetic measurements with highest spatial resolution [1]. EMCD, which is detected in the fine structure of energy loss spectra in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) probes the same electronic transitions as its well established X-ray counterpart, the X-ray magnetic circular dichro...

Two types of optical choppers for time-resolved measurements at synchrotron radiation soft X-ray beamlines have been developed. One type uses an air-spindle-type rotation mechanism with a two-stage differential pumping system to maintain the ultra-high vacuum of the X-ray beamline, and the other uses a magnetic bearing. Both can be installed at the soft X-ray beamlines at SPring-8, greatly impr...

Gallium nitride crystals with definite faces have been fabricated by d.c. arc discharge using gallium and Hz + NH, as starting materials. Transmission electron microscope, selected area diffraction and X-ray diffraction investigation of the as-grown GaN Srystals show thtt the well faceted crystals are single crystalline GaN having a wnrtzite structure with lattice constants a, = 3.18 A and cu =...

Red-emitting Eu-doped indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) transparent thin films were fabricated using sol–gel method under UV (254-nm irradiation) in nitrogen atmosphere (inside the glove box) and thermally annealed at 500°C for 1 h. Structure, morphology, composition, and optical properties of the materials were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photo...