As the polarization of a ferroelectric thin film reverses in response to an applied electric field, concomitant structural changes can be visualized using time-resolved x-ray microdiffraction. We report the details of this visualization approach and discuss the structural signature of polarization switching measured by time-resolved x-ray diffraction.

A new methodology is presented that allows the rapid determination of elastic constants of cubic fibre-textured thin films by X-ray diffraction. The theoretical concept is developed and tested on calculated examples of Cu and CrN films. The mechanical elastic constants are extrapolated from X-ray elastic constants by taking into consideration crystal and macroscopic elastic anisotropy. The deri...

We investigated the magnetic structure of an orthorhombic YMnO(3) thin film by resonant soft x-ray and hard x-ray diffraction. We observed a temperature-dependent incommensurate magnetic reflection below 45 K and a commensurate lattice-distortion reflection below 35 K. These results demonstrate that the ground state is composed of coexisting E-type and cycloidal states. Their different ordering...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility, radiopacity and characterization analysis of three epoxy resin based sealers including two experimental sealers and ah-26. methods and materials: five samples of each material were evaluated for setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility and radiopacity according to iso 6876 stan...

Thin films of polystyrene on silicon substrate were investigated for thickness-dependent interface properties. To better understand the desirable electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of a polymer thin film, the interfacial structures must be first understood. Using x-ray reflectivity, data from polystyrene-air and polystyrene-silicon interfaces were collected and correlated with a the...

A 56-year-old woman was referred for investigation of hibasal interstitial infiltrates on chest x-ray film. The patient gave a six-month history o)f increasing dyspnea on exertion and palpitations. Vital signs included a regular heart rate of 90 beats/mm; blood pressure, 100/70 mm Hg; and respiratory rate, 15/mimi. Cardiovascular exanuination was normal apart from sonic accentuation of the firs...

The corrosion behavior of oxygen-free copper in anoxic sulfide solutions under nuclear waste disposal conditions was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with a focused ion beam (FIB), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Micro X-ray diffraction ( XRD). The film growth process and mechanism were elucidated using an Au mark...

This paper reports the correlation between film thickness, nanostructure and DC electrical properties of copper thin films deposited by PVD method on glass substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for crystallography and morphology investigation, respectively. Resistivity was measured by four point probe instrument, while a Hall effects measurement system w...

A high flux thin-film nanocomposite membrane epoxy/ zeolite NaA nanocomposite films prepared by using ultrasonic mixing and spin coating. The synthesized nanocomposites film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and FTIR spectroscopy. Water softener and water flux characteristics of the epoxy/ zeolite NaA nanocomposite ...

The signal properties of polycrystalline mercuric iodide (HgI2) film detectors, under irradiation conditions relevant to mammographic, radiographic, fluoroscopic and radiotherapy x-ray imaging, are reported. Each film detector consists of an approximately 230 to approximately 460 microm thick layer of HgI2 (fabricated through physical vapour deposition or a screen-print process) and a thin barr...