essay scoring systems have been made available (PEG;Page 1966; e-rater®Burstein et al., 1998; Intelligent Essay AssessorTm;Foltz, Kintsch, and Landauer 1998; and, Intellimetric TM ; Elliot, 2003). In addition, based on the demands of users of the automated scoring technology, tools have been developed that perform more detailed evaluations of student writing. One such application is Critique Wr...

One of the major components of MOOCs is the weekly assignment. Most of the assignments are multiple choice, short answer or programming assignments and can be graded automatically by the system. Since assignments that include argumentation or scientific writing are difficult to grade automatically, MOOCs often use a crowd-sourced evaluation of the writing assignments in the form of peer grading...

This study investigates how and whether information about students’ writing can be recovered from basic behavioral data extracted during their sessions in an intelligent tutoring system for writing. We calculate basic and time-sensitive keystroke indices based on log files of keys pressed during students’ writing sessions. A corpus of prompt-based essays was collected from 126 undergraduates al...

not take the place of a standardized logistic regression coefficient for valuating the strength of the influences of the independent variables on the dependent variable, relative to one another.” The strength of each independent variable cannot be judged based on the magnitude of the OR, so that a larger OR for one independent variable might not have a stronger association than a smaller OR for...

Few medical journals specifically instruct authors to use the active voice and avoid the passive voice, but advice to that effect is common in the large number of stylebooks and blogs aimed at medical and scientific writers. Such advice typically revolves around arguments that the passive voice is less clear, less direct, and less concise than the active voice, that it conceals the identity of ...

Clinical trial protocol documents play an important role in clinical research. However, clinical protocol writing remains a complex and relatively un-studied process. Protocols are often written by teams of people, yet little prior research has captured the problems or analyzed the collaboration support needs of protocol writers. Here we present the results of an initial ethnographic study into...

With the availability of Web 2.0 technologies, blogs have become useful and attractive tools for teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in their writing classes. Learners do not need to understand HTML in order to construct blogs, and the appearance and content can be facilitated via the use of photos, music, and video files (Vurdien, 2013). To provide an authentic and motivating writi...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the experiences of therapeutic writing from the perspectives of patients attending a chronic pain management programme. BACKGROUND Pain is a multifaceted experience. Increased awareness, understanding and gaining new insights are essential aspects of dealing with chronic pain. It is crucial to find powerful ways to cope with chronic pain. Several studies point t...