Modulation of cortical excitability by sensory inputs is a critical component of sensorimotor integration. Sensory afferents, including muscle and joint afferents, to somatosensory cortex (S1) modulate primary motor cortex (M1) excitability, but the effects of muscle and joint afferents specifically activated by muscle contraction are unknown. We compared motor evoked potentials (MEPs) followin...

The juxta-articular and intra-articular fracture of distal radius is a common fracture around wrist joint. The treatment by external fixation using the principle of ligamento-taxis by which the longitudinal distraction force is converted to a compressive force to achieve good congruity of the wrist joint. Hence, the present study was taken up to find out the efficacy of the procedure in 116 cas...

Fractures of the bones that make the wrist joint together with injury to the ligaments and joint capsules are frequent traumas. It can cause besides limited movement also the pathological mobility. These mild injuries often do not provide the degree of recognizable symptoms and signs. They are diagnosed by X-ray imaging, stress images. Before arthrography was an important method, but nowadays a...

The kinematics of manipulator is a central problem in the automatic control of robot manipulators. Theoretical background of the analysis of the MA-2000 educational robot arm kinematics is presented in this paper. The revolute robot consists of six rotary joints (6-DOF) with base, shoulder, elbow, wrist pitch, wrist yaw and wrist roll. The kinematics problem is defined as transformation from th...

This article discusses the historical aspects related to the understanding of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and its diagnosis, highlighting observations about this disease that have yet to be challenged. This is followed by a discussion regarding the use of electrodiagnostic testing as a diagnostic tool for CTS, as well as the author's approach to making the diagnosis of CTS. Finally, conclusion...

What aspects of movement are represented in the primary motor cortex (M1): relatively low-level parameters like muscle force, or more abstract parameters like handpath? To examine this issue, the activity of neurons in M1 was recorded in a monkey trained to perform a task that dissociates three major variables of wrist movement: muscle activity, direction of movement at the wrist joint, and dir...

The motor cortex represents muscle and joint control and projects to spinal cord interneurons and-in many primates, including humans-motoneurons, via the corticospinal tract (CST). To examine these spinal CST anatomical mechanisms, we determined if motor cortex sites controlling individual forelimb joints project differentially to distinct cervical spinal cord territories, defined regionally an...

  Background: Scaphoid malunion alters the carpal kinematics and impairs clinical outcome because of pain, weakness, restricted range of motion and predisposing the wrist joint to early osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the scaphoid morphological angles on clinical outcomes in patients with reconstructed scaphoid by non-vascularized bone graft. Methods: Seve...

BACKGROUND The effect of using robots to improve motor recovery has received increased attention, even though the most effective protocol remains a topic of study. OBJECTIVE . The objective was to compare the training effects of treatments on the wrist joint of subjects with chronic stroke with an interactive rehabilitation robot and a robot with continuous passive motion. METHODS . This st...

abstract background: radiography is the most widely available imaging modality. precise evaluations of wrist x-ray can help diagnosis and evaluate the prognosis of many wrist disorders. methods: we measured length, angles and indices in 150 posteroanterior and lateral wrist x-rays to determine normal dimensions and variations according to age and sex. all x-rays were made with standard exposure...