Objectives: Word definitional skills (WDSs) were classified according to the quality of both semantic content and syntactic form. The aim of the present study was to investigate the syntactic development in WDSs in typically developing school- age children. Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study,  150 of typically developing school-age children participated by...

Readers' eye movements were recorded to examine the role of character positional frequency on Chinese lexical acquisition during reading and its possible modulation by word spacing. In Experiment 1, three types of pseudowords were constructed based on each character's positional frequency, providing congruent, incongruent, and no positional word segmentation information. Each pseudoword was emb...

Staggered Spondaic (bisyllabic equal stress) Word (SSW) is a dichotic test. The Dichotic listening tests is a behavioural test battery to assess the hemispheric function, inter-hemispheric transfer of information, and development and maturation of auditory nervous system. Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) is more sensitive for brainstem and cortical lesion. The current investigation was aimed to de...

Introduction: This research was planned to determine some verbal-auditory skills (verbal-auditory short memory and phonological awareness) that have the closest relationship with speech and language development in 5-year-old children. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 children of pre-school classes affiliated to Education and Welfare organizations in Semnan city were select...

Word sense disambiguation automatically determines the appropriate senses of a word in context. We have previously shown that self-organized document maps have properties similar to a large-scale semantic structure that is useful for word sense disambiguation. This work evaluates the impact of different linguistic features on self-organized document maps for word sense disambiguation. The featu...

As a contribution to the 2014 SPMRL shared task on parsing morphologically rich languages, we show that it is now possible to achieve high dependency accuracy using existing parsers without the need for intricate multi-parser schemes even if only small amounts of training data are available. We further show that the impact of using word vectors on parsing quality heavily depends on the amount o...

This paper proposes an approach to improve statistical word alignment with the boosting method. Applying boosting to word alignment must solve two problems. The first is how to build the reference set for the training data. We propose an approach to automatically build a pseudo reference set, which can avoid manual annotation of the training set. The second is how to calculate the error rate of...

We tested recognition memory for items and associations in memory-impaired patients with bilateral lesions thought to be limited to the hippocampal region. In Experiment 1 (Combined memory test), participants studied words and then took a memory test in which studied words, new words, studied word pairs, and recombined word pairs were presented in a mixed order. In Experiment 2 (Separated memor...

This paper improves upon the state of the art in testing word oriented memories. It first presents a complete set of fault models for intra-word coupling faults. Then, it establishes the data background sequence (DBS) for each intraword coupling fault. These DBSs will be compiled into a (1+ 28 blog2Bc) n B test with complete fault coverage of the target faults, where n is the size of the memory...