In tropical and temperate trees, wood chemical traits are hypothesized to covary with species' life-history strategy along a 'wood economics spectrum' (WES), but evidence supporting these expected patterns remains scarce. Due to its role in nutrient storage, we hypothesize that wood nitrogen (N) concentration will covary along the WES, being higher in slow-growing species with high wood density...

This work presents new near-ground propagation models at 915 MHz based on field measurement data for three naturally occurring environments (open fields, woods and wooded hills). The models are incorporated into a network simulation for randomly distributed transmitting sensors. The effects of the various environments on coverage area are explored for various power transmission levels. This wor...

Do we say dog when we say hotdog? In five experiments using the implicit priming paradigm, we assessed whether nominal compounds composed of two free morphemes like sawdust or fishbowl are prepared for production at the segmental level in the same way that two-syllable monomorphemic words (e.g. bandit) are, or instead as sequences of separable words (e.g. full bowl or grey dust). The experiment...

The aim of this study was to understand how the molecular structures of amorphous polymers influence wood viscoelastic properties. Wood from oak and spruce was subjected to hydrothermal treatments at 110 or 135 degrees C. Wood rigidity, reflected by the wood storage modulus, showed different modification patterns according to the wood species or the temperature level. Because viscoelasticity is...

The effect of altering the expression level of the F5H gene was investigated in three wood tissues (normal, opposite and tension wood) in 1-year-old hybrid poplar clone 717 (Populus tremula × Populus alba L.), containing the F5H gene under the control of the C4H promoter. Elevated expression of the F5H gene in poplar has been previously reported to increase the percent syringyl content of ligni...

Background: Solvents, which are widely used in industry, are able to dissolve another substance for creating a solution. Solvents have various effects on human health based on their type and chemical composition. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to investigate the harmful effects of solvents on wood painters in Yazd city. To achieve information, a census questionnaire was prepared and ...

in this research, the effect of wood species and particle size on mechanicalproperties of wood plastic composites (wpc) made of fir (abies alba) and beech(fagus orientalis l.) sawdust and high density polyethylene (hdpe) wereinvestigated. wood plastic composite (wpc) were made with 30% hdpe in abatch process at 185˚c, at two particle sizes of 40 mesh and 80 mesh. maleicanhydride polypropylene (...

The water spray systems are effective protection systems in the confined or unconfined spaces to avoid the damage to building structures since the high temperature when fires occur. NFPA 15 and 502 have suggested respectively that the factories or vehicle tunnels install water spray systems to protect the machinery and structures. This study discussed the cooling effect of water spray systems i...

Previous studies on tactile experiences have investigated a wide range of material surfaces across various skin sites of the human body in self-touch or other touch modes. Here, we investigate whether the sensory and emotional aspects of touch are related when evaluating wooden surfaces using fingertips in the absence of other sensory modalities. Twenty participants evaluated eight different pi...