Pressure treatment with chromium, copper, and arsenic (CCA) is the most prevalent method for protecting wood used in outdoor construction projects. Although these metals are tightly bound to the wood fibers and are not released under most conditions of use, we examined the bioavailability of metals in CCA pressure-treated wood dust in vitro. Cytotoxicity and metallothionein (MT) mRNA expression...

The North American wood decking market mostly relies on easily treatable Southern yellow pine (SYP), which is being impregnated with micronized copper (MC) wood preservatives since 2006. These formulations are composed of copper (Cu) carbonate particles (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 250 μm, according to manufacturers. MC-treated SYP wood is protected against decay by solubili...

Though bacteria and fungi are common inhabitants of decaying wood, little is known about the relationship between bacterial and fungal community dynamics during natural wood decay. Based on previous studies involving inoculated wood blocks, strong fungal selection on bacteria abundance and community composition was expected to occur during natural wood decay. Here, we focused on bacterial and f...

A limited initial study was made to evaluate liquefaction of creosote-treated southern pine wood sawdust with liquefaction of birch wood powder as a control. The objective was to assess the feasibility of using creo_.._. sot&treated southern pine wood as a raw material for the-formulation-of-phenol-basedresmadhesives-Them liquefaction was conducted in the presence of phenol with sulfuric acid a...

Thermal modification is a well-known process to change the dimensional stability, hygroscopicity, and biological resistance of wood due to chemical modifications of wood cell components. In this study, we reviewed several characteristics of heat-modified solid wood and wood-based panels under various temperatures, durations and pressure. Thermal compressing treatment could affect drying speed, ...

A mobile Android application that can automatically recognize wood species from a low quality mobile phone photo under varying illumination conditions is presented. The wood recognition is based on the Markovian, spectral, and illumination invariant textural features. The method performance was verified on a wood database, which contains veneers from sixty-six varied European and exotic wood sp...

Static magnetic quadrupole moment of a nucleus, induced by T-and P-odd nucleon-nucleon interaction, is investigated in the single-particle approximation. Models are considered allowing for analytical solution. The problem is also treated numerically in a Woods-Saxon potential with spin-orbit interaction. The stability of results is discussed.

In this paper we describe research in which we have used sound as part of a mobile multimedia learning experience for children. In this work we have classified sound clips into categories that appear to have differing effectiveness. We have also observed unexpected behaviour by the children indicating that our devices are capable of further development. We propose further research using sound t...

Beside language, space is to date the most widely recognized lateralized systems. For example, it has been shown that even mental representations of space and the spatial representation of abstract concepts display lateralized characteristics. For the most part, this body of literature describes space as distal or something outside of the observer or actor. What has been strangely absent in the...

Liquefaction of spent creosote-treated wood was studied to determine the technological practicability of its application in converting treated wood waste into resin adhesives. A total of 144 plywood panels were fabricated with experimental variables included 2 phenol to wood (P/W) ratios in liquefaction, 6 resin formulations (3 formaldehyde/liquefied wood (F/LW) ratios × 2 replications), 6 glue...