Stanford has been developing a low voltage CMOS technology which could have a signiicant impact on a wide range of products from personal digital assistants to volume silicon supercomputers. The technology achieves a unique combination of high performance and low energy per operation by combining aggressive voltage scaling with process optimization. The approach is based on the insight that the...

A voltage reference consisting of only two nMOS transistors with different threshold voltages is presented. Measurements performed on 23 samples from a single batch show a mean reference voltage of 275.4mV. The subthreshold conduction and the low number of transistors enable to achieve a mean power consumption of only 40 pW. The minimum supply voltage is 0.45 V, which coincides with the lowest ...

To achieve the most energy-efficient operation, this brief presents a circuit design technique for separating the power supply voltage (VDD) of flip-flops (FFs) from that of combinational circuits, called the higher voltage FF (HVFF). Although VDD scaling can reduce the energy, the minimum operating voltage (VDDmin) of FFs prevents the operation at the optimum supply voltage that minimizes the ...

A bandgap reference circuit that uses high-voltage drainextended MOS (DeMOS) devices is presented for high supply voltage application without using a voltage regulator for the bandgap core circuit. The bandgap reference circuit was fabricated using commercially available 0.18μm high-voltage DeMOS technology. Measurement result of the chip shows that the reference voltage change rate for VDD var...

Distributed Generations (DGs) are utilized to supply the active and reactive power in the transmission and distribution systems. These types of power sources have many benefits such as power quality enhancement, voltage deviation reduction, power loss reduction, load shedding reduction, reliability improvement, etc. In order to reach the above benefits, the optimal placement and sizing of DG is...

In this paper a new approach for design of class-AB current-mode square-root domain filters based on the electronically simulated translinear loop principle is presented. FG-MOS transistors that operate in strong inverted saturation region are employed for implementation of translinear loop circuit. The filter achieves immunity to body effect, low circuit complexity, large input dynamic ran...

A sub-1-V CMOS band gap voltage reference requiring no low threshold voltage device is introduced in this paper. In a CMOS technology with vthn=vthp=0 9 V at 0 C, the minimum supply voltage of the proposed voltage reference is 0.98 V, and the maximum supply current is 18 A. A temperature coefficient of 15 ppm/ C from 0 C to 100 C is recorded after trimming. The active area of the circuit is abo...

The quality of voltage and current delivered by the power utilities has become a major concern of the modern industries. The common power quality problems are voltage sag, voltage imbalance, transients, interruptions and harmonics. The two major power quality disturbances are voltage sag and harmonic distortion. In this paper, a Quality Power Provider (QPP) based on voltage source inverter is m...

Australia has topped the world in the penetration of residential roof-top solar generation systems. These residential solar generation systems are connected to the Low Voltage (LV) supply network which is not designed for two-way flow of electricity. Localized voltage rises due to excess solar generation feeding energy back into the supply network is commonly experienced. Supply utilities do no...

This paper proposes a low voltage (±0.55V supply voltage) low power (44.65µW) high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) differential amplifier (d.a.) with rail to rail input common mode range (ICMR), constant transconductance (gm) and enhanced frequency performance. Its high performance is obtained using a simple negative averaging method so that it cancels out the common mode input signals at th...