– OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to analyze and compare executive function performance in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 28 patients with CF, 30 patients with IBD and 30 healthy participants took part in the study (all in the age range of 7-17). All participants were in the intellectual nor...

Formal genetic studies suggested a substantial genetic influence for anorexia nervosa (AN), but currently results are inconsistent. The use of the neurocognitive endophenotype approach may facilitate our understanding of the AN pathophysiology. We investigated decision-making, set-shifting and planning in AN patients (n=29) and their unaffected relatives (n=29) compared to healthy probands (n=2...

OBJECTIVES To test our hypothesis that pre-treatment executive function and brain regional activation during executive function would discriminate between responders and non-responders to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in elderly depressed outpatients. DESIGN Clinical cohort study. SETTING University-affiliated hospital. PARTICIPANTS Sixty outpatients (age 59 years and older) complete...

Body and brain undergo several changes with aging. One of the domains in which these changes are more remarkable relates with cognitive performance. In the present work, electroencephalogram (EEG) markers (power spectral density and spectral coherence) of age-related cognitive decline were sought whilst the subjects performed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Considering the expected age-...

The present study sought to test the hypothesis that the second factor (consisting of Failure-to-Maintain-Set and other scores) found in two recent factor analyses of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test reflects attentional function. The effect of color overlays (an experimental manipulation known to influence neural systems linked to attention) was examined in 17 normal control and 14 attention-di...

BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterised by several neurological symptoms including cognitive impairment, which has recently been the subject of considerable study. At present, evidence pointing to a correlation between lesion characteristics and specific cognitive impairment is not conclusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of a correlation between the characteristics of de...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the feature of emotional regulation and executive functions in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) children. METHODS The emotional regulation and executive functions of adolescents with ODD, as well as the relationship between the two factors were analyzed using tools including Adolescent Daily Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ADERQ), Wisconsin Card Sor...

Nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are impaired in learning to categorize simple perceptual stimuli when category membership is defined by a nonlinear relationship between stimulus dimensions but not when the relationship is linear (J. V. Filoteo, W. T. Maddox, D. P. Salmon, & D. D. Song, 2005). In the present study, the authors examined whether performance in either of these 2 ...

BACKGROUND In atherosclerotic internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease, selective neuronal damage can be detected as a decrease in central benzodiazepine receptors (BZRs) in the normal-appearing cerebral cortex. This study aimed to determine whether a decrease in the BZRs in the non-infarcted cerebral cortex is associated with poor performance on the Wisconsin Card ...

BACKGROUND Although conduct disorder (CD) is associated with an increased susceptibility to substance use disorders, little is known about decision-making processes or reward mechanisms in CD. This study investigated decision making under varying motivational conditions in CD. METHODS Performances on the Risky Choice Task (RCT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were assessed in 156 a...