Satellite microwave measurements are analyzed, revealing robust covariability in sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) east of Japan. Ocean hydrodynamic instabilities cause the KE to meander and result in large SST variations. Increased (reduced) wind speeds are found to be associated with warm (cold) SST anomalies. This positive SST–wind correlation in K...

Numerical simulations of a bora event, recently occurred in the Adriatic area, are presented. Two reference runs at different horizontal resolution (about 20 km and 8 km) describe the case. Initial conditions for the atmospheric model integration are obtained from ECMWF analyses. Satellite data are used for comparisons. A further run at horizontal resolution of 8 km, using initial satellite sea...

Wind catchers  are one of the most prominent masterpieces of Iranian traditional architecture. In arid climate, it can improve thermal comfort through natural ventilation. With the aim of recognizing the impact of this masterpiece on thermal comfort, this research examined the effect of wind on summer ambient temperature by employing PMV. To this end, wind catchers  of Salehi's House was select...

A La Niña took place in the equatorial Pacific in 1999, and strong tropical instability waves (TIWs) developed, causing large meanders of a sea surface temperature (SST) front between the equator and 3◦N. High-resolution satellite measurements are used to describe the variability of SST, surface wind velocity, column-integrated water vapor, cloud liquid water and precipitation associated with t...

The diurnal variations in soil-gas helium concentration have been monitored at depths of 0.5-2.0 m in three localities in Colorado, Wyoming, and C•lifornia.'Bar•metric p e•su TM, air temperature, wind speed, soil temperature and moisture, relative humidity, and precipitation were also measured. The helium variation below a 1-m sampling depth usually did not exceed the analytical sensitivity of ...

The standard model for dealing with turbulence and air-sea interactions has three components: (1) The ocean surface can be characterized by its temperature and aerodynamic roughness. (2) Given (1) we can use the wind speed and air temperature/humidity to determine the air sea fluxes. All relevant properties of the profiles of the mean and turbulent fields in the surface layer can them be comput...

At 0149 UTC on 21 January 1997 an abrupt southerly wind change moved through Hobart Airport (see Fig. 1 for all place names used in this paper), with the surface wind shifting from 310/22 kn (gust 34 kn) at 0130 UTC to 160/15 kn (gust 31 kn) at 0156 UTC. With this change the temperature dropped from 37.2°C to 24.6°C over the same interval. At 0230 UTC 21 January 1997, Qantas flight QF617 was ap...

We develop and test a theory for the relationship of atmospheric pCO2 and the solubility pump of CO2 in an abiotic ocean. The solubility pump depends on the hydrographic structure of the ocean and the degree of saturation of the waters. The depth of thermocline sets the relative volume of warm and cold waters, which sets the mean solubility of CO2 in the ocean. The degree of saturation depends ...

Introduction: During the summer of 1976 Viking Lander 1 and 2 touched down at Chryse Planitia and Utopia Planitia, Mars respectively. The primary aim of both Viking Landers was to look for the presence of organic life on the surface of Mars, however each Lander also had a comprehensive meteorological package to monitor the martian atmospheric conditions [1]. The meteorological package consisted...